Flashcards in Chapter 9-Nutririon and Digestion Deck (147)
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1
What are two types of simple carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
2
What is a simple sugar?
Monosaccharide
3
What are two monosaccharides combined?
Disaccharide
4
What is formed from a long chain of simple carbohydrates?
Polysaccharides
5
Polysaccharides, formed from long chains of simple carbohydrates, are _________,which are found in such foods as bread, cereals, pasta, potatoes, and rice
Complex carbohydrates
6
Plants store glucose as the polysaccharide:
Starch
7
What is a kind of starch that is manufactured by the cells of animals and man?
Glycogen
8
What forms the walls of plant cells, and is made of very complex chains of glucose?
Cellulose
9
Cellulose is an important component of _________, substances which are not digested or made into a part of our bodies.
Dietary fiber
10
What slows digestion and aids the stomach and intestines in the absorption of nutrients?
Soluble fiber
11
What helps move the undigested waste materials along to keep the intestines clean and healthy?
Insoluble fiber
12
What are the main source of energy for doing things?
Carbohydrates
13
What percentage of our total calorie intake should our carbohydrates be?
45-65%
14
Cereals, bread, potatoes, pasta, and rice, are rich in:
Starchy carbohydrates
15
What is the process whereby a substance is combined with oxygen?
Oxidation
16
Fruits, honey, and cane and beet sugar are rich in:
Sugary carbohydrates
17
Fruits, vegetables, whole-grain breads and cereals, brown rice, dried beans and peas, nuts, milk, and seeds are the best sources of:
Carbohydrates
18
About half of the body's dry weight is composed of ____________, complex organic molecules used to build and maintain living cells.
Proteins
19
Proteins are made up of similar molecules called ___________, which are the building blocks of proteins.
Amino acids
20
What percentage of our Calorie intake should proteins be?
10-35%
21
What are the amino acids that our body does not produce, and must be obtained by the food we eat?
Essential amino acids
22
A protein that lacks any of the essential amino acids is often referred to as an:
Incomplete protein
23
Fats, oils, and fat-like substances are generally called _______, a varied group of compounds characterized by their insolubility in water.
Lipids
24
The most basic type of lipid molecule is the _________, a molecule of carbon and oxygen atoms attached to a long chain of carbon hydrogen atoms.
Fatty acid
25
In what kind of fatty acid is every possible bond to hydrogen occupied, and is said to be saturated because it cannot hold any more hydrogen atoms?
Saturated fatty acids
26
What kind of fatty acid is a hydrocarbon chain that possesses the ability to form one or more additional hydrogen bonds?
Unsaturated fatty acids
27
What is the term that describes an unsaturated fatty acid that has one additional hydrogen bond?
Monounsaturated
28
What is the term that describes an unsaturated fatty acid that has more than one additional hydrogen bond?
Polyunsaturated
29
What are the fatty acids that our body is unable to make and must be obtained from our diet?
Essential fatty acids
30
