Chapter 16 Vocab

Question 0

4 D’s

Answer 0

Deviant- different, extreme, unusual (any deviation from the majority)
Distressful- unpleasant or upsetting to the individual
Dangerous- threatening to the persons well-being or to the safety of others
Dysfunctional- disruptive to the persons ability to conduct daily activities (those that fail to adjust)

Question 1

Diathesis Stress Model

Answer 1

is a psychological theory that explains behavior as both a result of biological and genetic factors (“nature”), and life experiences (“nurture”). This theory is often used to describe the pronunciation of mental disorders, like schizophrenia, that are produced by the interaction of a vulnerable hereditary predisposition, with precipitating events in the environment

Question 2

Psychological Disorder

Answer 2

Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns

Question 3

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Answer 3

A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

Question 4

Medical model

Answer 4

The concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured. When applied to psychological disorders, the medical model assumes that these mental illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of the their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital

Question 5

DSM-IV

Answer 5

The American psychiatric associations diagnostic and statistical Manual of mental disorders, a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. Presently distributed in an updated “text revision”

Question 6

Labeling Effects

Answer 6

When labels can stigmatize a person by biasing others’ interpretations and perceptions of past and present behaviors and by affecting the way people react to the labeled person

Question 7

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 7

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Question 8

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 8

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Question 9

Panic disorder

Answer 9

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations

Question 10

Phobic Disorder

Answer 10

An anxiety disorder marked by persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation

Question 11

Agoraphobia

Answer 11

A fear or avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable when panic strikes

Question 12

Specific Phobia

Answer 12

Fear of a specific object

Question 13

Social Phobia

Answer 13

An intense fear of being scrutinized by others. May avoid speaking up, eating out, going to parties- or will sweat, tremble, or have diarrhea when doing so

Question 14

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 14

An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts(obsessions) and/or actions(compulsions)

Question 15

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Answer 15

An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jump anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Question 16

Dissociative Disorder

Answer 16

Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Question 17

Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 17

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. AKA multiple personality disorder

Question 18

Mood disorders

Answer 18

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

Question 19

Major Depressive disorder

Answer 19

A mood disorder in which a person experiences in the absence of drugs of a medical condition, tow or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities

Question 20

Dysthymic Disorder

Answer 20

A down-in-the-dumps mood that fills most of the day, nearly every day, for 2 years or more

Question 21

Mania

Answer 21

A mood disorder marked by hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

Question 22

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 22

A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and the lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

Question 23

Schizophrenia

Answer 23

A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions

Question 24

Delusions

Answer 24

False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

Question 25

Hallucinations

Answer 25

Most common hallucination for a schrzophrenic person is hearing. -Flat affect: they withdraw, no emotion

Question 26

Paranoid

Answer 26

Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations, often with themes of persecution or grandiosity

Question 27

Disorganized

Answer 27

Disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion

Question 28

Catatonic

Answer 28

Immobility (or excessive, purposeless movement), extreme negativism, and/or parrotlike repeating of another’s speech or movements.

Question 29

Personality Disorders

Answer 29

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Question 30

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 30

A personality disorder in which the person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless of a clever com artist