Chapter 18 - Clinical Psychology

Question 1

field of psychology that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of people with specific mental or behavioral problems

Answer 1

clinical psychology

Question 2

person with a psychological disorder who is being treated using a biomedical approach

Answer 2

patient

Question 3

person with a psychological disorder who is being treated with the view that his psychological distress is caused by behavioral issues and faulty through processes

Answer 3

client

Question 4

study of how drugs affect the mind and behavior

Answer 4

psychopharmacology

Question 5

type of drug that alleviates symptoms of mental disorder by acting on the bodily processes that may cause those symptoms

Answer 5

psychoactive medication

Question 6

psychoactive medications used to treat disorder in which psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations, paranoia, and delusions, predominate

Answer 6

antipsychotic drugs

Question 7

type of medication that works to alleviate symptoms of depression by altering how certain neurotransmitters–usually serotonin and norepineprine–are circulated throughout the brain

Answer 7

antidepressant

Question 8

anti-anxiety medications used mainly to treat generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder

Answer 8

bensodiazephines

Question 9

type of therapy in which electric shocks are sent to patents’ brains to treat certain psychological disorders in patients who don’t respond to other treatment methods

Answer 9

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Question 10

treatment in which parts of the brain are surgically altered to treat mental disorders

Answer 10

psychosurgery

Question 11

interaction between a therapist and someone suffering from a psychological problem, the goal of which is to provide support and relief from the problem

Answer 11

psychotherapy

Question 12

type of psychotherapy involving the use of multifaceted treatments that vary depending on each person’s unique problem and take into account biological, psychological, and social influences

Answer 12

eclectic psychotherapy

Question 13

type of therapy based on Freudian psychodynamics, that unconscious conflicts underlie mental disorders, and these conflicts make their way to the surface through a person’s speech and behavior

Answer 13

psychodynamic therapy

Question 14

type of psychotherapy that relates closely to Freudian concepts like the influence of the unconscious. It requires patients to talk to a psychiatrist about their lives while the psychiatrist listens, analyzes, and interprets each word

Answer 14

psychoanalysis

Question 15

psychoanalytic technique in which the therapist encourages the client to relax his mind and, starting from a recent experience, a memory, or a dream, report every image or idea that enters awareness, refraining from logic or self-editing

Answer 15

free association

Question 16

what a person explicitly remembers about a dream, including storyline, characters, and details

Answer 16

manifest content

Question 17

describes the unconscious meaning of a dream

Answer 17

latent content

Question 18

refers to a client’s attempt to avoid doing therapeutic work

Answer 18

resistance

Question 19

instance in which a client’s unconscious feelings about a significant person in his life are instead directed toward the therapist

Answer 19

transference

Question 20

a healing emotional release

Answer 20

catharsis

Question 21

type of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve their relationships, particularly their current relationships, as a means of resolving their psychological problems

Answer 21

interpersonal psychotherapy

Question 22

type of humanistic therapy in which the therapeutic process focuses squarely on the client’s abilities and insights rather than the therapist’s thoughts and skills

Answer 22

person-centered therapy / client-centered therapy

Question 23

type of humanistic therapy in which the therapist attempts to make the client feel whole by helping him feel aware of and responsible for his thoughts, behaviors, experiences, and feelings

Answer 23

gestalt therapy

Question 24

type of therapy that is led by a therapist and involves a group of clients experiencing psychological disorders

Answer 24

group therapy

Question 25

type of therapy in which the therapist views the family as a single unit and attempts to resolve conflicts and stresses that arise among the family members

Answer 25

family therapy

Question 26

type of therapy centered on the idea that psychological problems are caused by faulty or irrational thinking, which in turn produces faulty or irrational behaviors; focuses on getting the client to change the way he thinks or behaves

Answer 26

cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)

Question 27

type of therapy based on the theory that people’s psychological problems can be traced to their own illogical or disturbed beliefs and thoughts; attempts to replace those cognitive patterns with healthier ones

Answer 27

cognitive therapy

Question 28

therapeutic technique in which therapists teach clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotional states and to replace negative thinking with realistic and positive thinking

Answer 28

cognitive restructuring

Question 29

therapeutic technique in which clients are taught how to evaluate and cope with various stressors and are then exposed to increasingly stressful situations in a controlled environment to strengthen these coping mechanisms

Answer 29

stress inoculation training

Question 30

type of therapy that attempts to change behaviors associated with psychological distress

Answer 30

behavioral therapy

Question 31

process that involves replacing unwanted responses to particular situations with new responses

Answer 31

counterconditioning

Question 32

type of counterconditioning in which people who have a fear or phobia are repeatedly exposed to what they fear over several sessions until they become so accustomed to it that they no longer fear it

Answer 32

exposure treatment

Question 33

variation of exposure treatment in which people, within a therapeutic environment, learn to pair states of deep relaxation with thoughts of anxiety provoking situations, with the goal of replacing the anxiety felt during these situations with relaxation

Answer 33

systematic desensitizatione

Question 34

type of exposure treatment in which clients are exposed to very intense stimuli by being asked to imagine an extreme version of their fears or phobias

Answer 34

implosion therapy

Question 35

type of exposure treatment in which clients are exposed to fear-inducing stimuli in an intense way by directly exposing them to the stimuli

Answer 35

flooding

Question 36

form of exposure therapy in which therapists instruct clients to focus on a disturbing image or traumatic memory as they move their eyes back and forth, with the goal of helping them deal with the psychological issues brought on by the trauma

Answer 36

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

Question 37

type of therapy in which a harmful stimulus is paired with a negative response, with the goal of replacing the usual positive response (e.g. pleasure while smoking) with the negative one

Answer 37

aversive conditioning

Question 38

operant conditioning strategy that involves altering the relationship between a person’s actions and those actions’ consequences to replace unwanted behaviors with desirable ones

Answer 38

contingency management

Question 39

operant conditioning procedure in which individuals earn tokens when they exhibit desirable behavior

Answer 39

token economy

Question 40

explicit agreement that thoroughly explains the consequences of several behaviors as well as expectations of the client and the therapist

Answer 40

behavioral contract

Question 41

type of therapy designed to modify client’s problematic patterns through observation and behavior reinforcement

Answer 41

social learning therapy