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Psychology Final > Chapter 10 - Phys. Cog. & Lang. Development > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Phys. Cog. & Lang. Development Flashcards

1
Q

study the physical, cognitive, and social changes that people experience throughout their lives

A

developmental psychologists

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2
Q

track how individuals change as they age

A

age changes

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3
Q

consider how people of varying ages differ from one another

A

age differences

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4
Q

consist of research conducted in order to establish norms

A

normative investigations

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5
Q

amount of time that has passed since a person was born

A

chronological age

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6
Q

point at which someone falls among developmental stages

A

developmental age; not necessarily related to chronological age

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7
Q

collect data from different individuals at different ages in order to track age differences

A

cross-sectional data

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8
Q

collect data from the same individuals over a period of time to track age changes

A

longitudinal studies

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9
Q

immature eggs

A

ova

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10
Q

toxic substances that cross the placenta and may cause birth defects

A

teratogens

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11
Q

consists of physical and cognitive abnormalities in children resulting from a mother’s heavy drinking

A

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

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12
Q

emergent ability to execute physical actions

A

motor development

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13
Q

tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from top to bottom

A

cephalocaudal rule

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14
Q

tendency from motor skills to emerge in sequence from inside to outside

A

proximodistal rule

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15
Q

period of transition from childhood to adulthood

A

adolescence

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16
Q

period in which a person’s body goes through the changes that allow him or her to reproduce

A

puberty

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17
Q

sexual organs and traits that develop at puberty and are not directly involved in reproduction

A

secondary sex characteristics

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18
Q

sexual organs that are present at birth and are directly involved in human reproduction

A

primary sex characteristics

19
Q

refers to a girl’s first menstruation

A

menarche

20
Q

refers to a boy’s first ejaculation

A

spermarche

21
Q

end of the menstrual cycles and ability to bear children

A

menopause

22
Q

described gradual sexual changes in men as they age that include declines in sperm count, testosterone level, and speed of erection and ejaculation

A

andropause

23
Q

consists of mental activities associated with sensation, perception, thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

A

cognition

24
Q

described decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated exposure to that stimulus

A

habituation

25
Q

concepts or frameworks around which people organize and interpret information

A

schemas

26
Q

process in which a person processes new experiences in terms of existing schemas

A

assimilation

27
Q

process in which a person adjusts and refines his or her schemas based on new information

A

accommodation

28
Q

refers to the difference between what a child can do alone versus what a child can do together with a more competent person

A

zone of proximal development

29
Q

described a behavior in which a baby looks in an adult’s eyes, follow the adult’s gaze, and then directs his or her own gaze toward whatever the adult is looking at

A

joint visual attention

30
Q

skill or organizing information and beliefs into a series of steps leading to a conclusion

A

reason

31
Q

remembering to perform a specific action

A

prospective memory

32
Q

groups of people raised during the same time period

A

cohorts

33
Q

smallest meaningful units of language that represent the objects, events, ideas, characteristics, and relationships in that language’s vocabulary

A

morphemes

34
Q

elementary vowel and consonant sounds that combine to form morphemes

A

phonemes

35
Q

refers to how phonemes may be arranged to produce morphemes

A

phonology

36
Q

refers to how morphemes may be arranges to form words

A

morphology

37
Q

refers to how words may be arranged to produce phrases and sentences

A

syntax

38
Q

described the relatively broad use of common nouns

A

overextended

39
Q

described the relatively narrow use of common nouns

A

underextended

40
Q

words that have meaning

A

content words

41
Q

words that provide structure

A

grammatical words

42
Q

theoretical mechanism that provides children with an inherent foundation for the principles of universal grammar

A

language acquisition device (LAD)

43
Q

the social environment into which a baby is born

A

language-acquisition support system (LASS)

Psychology Final (9 decks)

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