Chapter 18 The Blood Flashcards
(58 cards)
Cardiovascular system
Includes the heart, the blood vessels and the blood itself
Systemic circulation Step 1
Heart pumps and creates blood pressure and then arteries carries that blood from the heart to the systems of the body, or the bodies tissues.
Systematic Circulation step 2
They begin as arteries and become smaller becoming arterials that then pass to a capillary bed. Capillary bed leaks the plasma of the blood out over the tissues and supply that tissue.
Systematic circulation step 3
Some of that plasma will be reabsorbed into the venous system and carried in progressively larger vessels. Firstly venules and then veins and be carried to the heart where the circuit begins again.
Pulmonary circulation
Deoxygenated blood is carried from the heart to the lungs and arteries. Lungs will oxygenate the blood and it will then travel back to the heart through the pulmonary vein.
Functions of the Blood
-supply tissues with what they need which is mostly oxygen
-remove wastes from tissues
-fight infections
-regulate pH and temperature
Components and properties of Blood
A liquid connective tissue consisting of cell and extra cellular matrix
Plasma of the blood
Matrix of blood: a clear light yellow fluid
Complex mixture of water, proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, nitrogenous wastes, hormones and gases
Formed elements of blood
Blood cells and cell fragments like red and white blood cells and platelets
Hematocrit test
When you centrifuge blood to separate components
-Erythrocytes are heaviest and settle first: they are 37-52% of volume
-White blood cells and platelets are 1% total volume and are a Buffy coat
-Plasma is the rest of the volume being 47-63%
Serum
Remaining fluid when blood clots and the solids are removed
It is identical to plasma except for the absence of fibrinogen
3 Major categories of plasma protein: Albumins
Smallest and most abundant
Contributes to viscosity and osmolarity, influences blood pressure, flow and fluid balance
Viscosity
Resistance to flow. Makes blood flow at the proper speed
Osmolarity
The ability of the blood to absorb other things. Determine the ability to reabsorb water from the tissue after interstitial fluid has been leaked in to the tissue
3 Major categories of plasma protein: Globulins
Antibodies in the plasma. Antibodies will attack foreign cells
Provide immune system functions
Alpha, beta and gamma globulins
3 Major categories of plasma protein: Fibrinogen
Precursor of fibrin threads that help form blood clots
Where are plasma formed
They are formed by the liver
Except globulins ( produced by plasma cells )
Nonprotein components of Plasma: Nitrogenous compounds
Free amino acids (amino acids are the “building blocks” of proteins)
From dietary protein or tissue breakdown
Nonprotein components of Plasma: Nitrogenous compounds 2
Nitrogenous wastes (urea)
Toxic end products of catabolism
Normally removed by the kidneys
Nonprotein components of Plasma: Nutrients
Glucose (major one), vitamins, fats (lipids), cholesterol, phospholipids, and minerals
Nonprotein components of Plasma: Gases
Dissolved O’2, CO’2, and nitrogen
Nonprotein components of Plasma: Electrolytes
Na’+ makes up 90% of plasma cations
Formed elements: Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Disc shaped cell with a thick rim
Lose nearly all organelles during development which is why they are disc shaped
The blood type is determined by surface glycoprotein and glycolipids
Cytoskeletal proteins (spectrum and actin) give membrane durability a resilience
-they stretch and bend as they squeeze through small capillaries
Red blood cell form and Function
-gas transport (major function)
- their increased surface area increases diffusion rate of substance
-33% of cytoplasm is hemoglobin
-carbonic anhydrase (CAH) in cytoplasm
