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Anatomy > Chapter 9 Articulations > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Fibrous joint
A point where adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone, cross the space between them, and penetrate into the other

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2
Q

3 kinds of fibrous (synarthrosis) joints

A

Sutures
Gomphoses
Syndesmoses

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3
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Fibrous joint where 2 bones are bound by longer collagenous fibers than in a suture or gomphosis giving the bones more mobility
Interosseus membrane

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4
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Cartilaginous joint
Bones bound by hyaline cartilage

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5
Q

Symphysis

A

Cartilaginous joint
Two bones joined by fibrocartilage
Found in pubic symphysis (interpubic disc) and
Between bodies of vertebrae (intervertebral disc)

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6
Q

Synovial joint

A

Joint in which two bones are separated by a space called a joint cavity
Most familiar type of joint

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7
Q

Lever

A

Any elongated, rigid object that rotates around a fixed point called a fulcrum
Long bones act as levers to enhance the speed or power of limb movements

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8
Q

Rotation

A

Rotation occurs when an effort applied overcomes resistance (load) at some other point

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9
Q

Range of motion

A

The degrees through which a joint can move

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10
Q

Range of motion determined by:

A

Structure of the articular surfaces
Strength and tautness of ligaments and joint capsules
Action of the muscles and tendons

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11
Q

Axes of rotation

A

A moving bone has a relatively stationary axis of rotation that passes through the bone in a direction perpendicular to the plane of movement

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12
Q

Multiaxial joint

A

Shoulder joint has three degrees of freedom or axes of rotation

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13
Q

Other joint based off axes of rotation

A

Monoaxial
Biaxial

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14
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

Smooth hemispherical head that fits within a cup like socket
Shoulder joint
Hip joint
The only multiaxial joints in the body

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15
Q

Condyloid (ellipsoid) joints

A

Oval convex surface on one bone fits into a complementary shaped depression on the other
Radio carpal joint of the wrist
Matacarpophalangeal joints
Biaxial joints

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16
Q

Saddle joints

A

Both bones have an articular surface that is shaped like a saddle, concave in one direction and convex in the other
Trapeziometacarpal joint at base of thumb
Sternoclavicular joint
Biaxial joint

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17
Q

Plane (gliding) joints

A

Flat articular surfaces in which bones slide over each other with relatively limited movement
Usually Biaxial 
Carpal bones of wrist, tarsal bones of ankle, articular processes of vertebrae

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18
Q

Hinge joints

A

One bone with convex surface that fits into a concave depression on other bones
Elbow joint (ulna and humerus)
Knee joint ( femur and tibia)
Finger and toe joints
Monoaxial 

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19
Q

Pivot joints

A

One bone has a projection that is held in place by a ring like a ligament
Bone spins on its longitudinal axis
Atlantoaxial joint (dens of axis and atlas)
Monoaxial joint

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20
Q

Flexion

A

Movement that decreases the a joint angle
Common in hinge joints

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21
Q

Extension

A

Movement that straightens a joint and generally returns a body part to the zero position

22
Q

Hyperextension

A

Further extension of a joint beyond the zero position

23
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

24
Q

Adduction

A

Movement in the frontal plane back toward the middle line

25
Q

Elevation

A

A movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane

26
Q

Depression

A

Lowers a body part in the same plane

27
Q

Protraction

A

The anterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane

28
Q

Retraction

A

Posterior movement

29
Q

Circumduction

A

One end of an appendage remain stationary while the other end makes a circular motion
A sequence of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction movements

30
Q

Rotation

A

Movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis
Rotation of trunk, thigh, head or arm

31
Q

Medial rotation

A

Turns the bone inward

32
Q

Lateral rotation

A

Turns the body outwards

33
Q

Supination

A

Forearm movement that turns the palm to face anteriorly or upward
Radius is parallel to the ulna 

34
Q

Pronation

A

Forearm movement that turns the palm to face posteriorly or downward
Radius crosses stationary ulna like an x

35
Q

Movements of head and trunk

A

Flexion, hyperextension, and lateral flexion of vertebral column

36
Q

Rotation of trunk and head

A

Right and left rotation of trunk
Right and left rotation of head

37
Q

Social movements of mandible

A

Lateral excursion- right or left movement from the zero position
Medial excursion- movement back to the median, zero position
Protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression

38
Q

Special movements of the foot

A

Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, subornation of foot, pronation of foot

39
Q

Knee joint: what is this feature?

A

Patellar surface

40
Q

Knee joint: what is this feature?

A

Lateral condyle

41
Q

Knee joint: what is this feature?

A

Fibular collateral ligament

42
Q

Knee joint: what is this feature?

A

Lateral meniscus

43
Q

Knee joint: what is this feature?

A

Transverse ligament

44
Q

Knee joint: what is this feature?

A

Patellar ligament

45
Q

Knee joint: what is this feature?

A

Tibial collateral ligament

46
Q

Knee joint: what is this feature?

A

Medial meniscus

47
Q

Knee joint: what is this feature?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

48
Q

Knee joint: what is this feature?

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

49
Q

Knee joint: what is this feature?

A

Medial condyle

50
Q

Knee joint: what is this feature?

A

Articular cartilage of tibia

Anatomy (16 decks)

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