Chapter 4

Question 1

Histology

Answer 1

The study of tissues

Question 2

Simple epithelium

Answer 2

Contains one layer of cells and all cells touch the basement membrane

Question 3

Stratified epithelium

Answer 3

Contains more than one layer. Some cells rest on top of others and don’t touch basement membrane

Question 4

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 4

Single row of thin/flat cells. Permits rapid diffusion or transport of substances
Secretes serous fluid and found non the inside of tubes, alveoli, glomeruli, endothelium, and serosa

Question 5

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 5

Job: absorption and secretion, mucus production and movement
Found in: liver, thyroid, mammary and salivary glands, bronchioles, and kidney tubules

Question 6

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer 6

Brush the border of microvilli and can be ciliated in some organs. May posses goblet cells.
Job: absorption and secretion; mucus secretion
Found in: lining of Gl tract, uterus, kidney and uterine tubes

Question 7

Psuedostratified epithelium

Answer 7

Has nuclei at several layers with cilia and goblet cells
Job: secretes and propels mucus
Found in: respiratory tract and portions of male urethra

Question 8

Keratinized stratified squamous

Answer 8

Resists abrasion; retards water loss through skin; resists penetration by pathogenic organisms
Cells on its apical surface give it its name
When cells are keratinized they are dead (no nucleus)
Found in: epidermis; Palms and soles

Question 9

Non-keratinized stratified squamous

Answer 9

Same as keratinized but without dead cells ( resists abrasion and penetration of pathogens)
Found in: tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus and vagina
Apical cells are what name them

Question 10

Stratified cuboidal

Answer 10

Surface cells are square or round
Secretes sweat; sperm production and produces ovarian hormones
Found in: sweat glands ducts, ovarian follicles and seminiferous tubules

Question 11

Transitional epithelium

Answer 11

Multilayered epithelium surface cells that change from rounds to flat when stretched
Allows for filling of urinary tract
Found in: ureter and bladder

Question 12

Connective tissue

Answer 12

Less cellular than epithelial
Contains collagen
Ground substance between cells

Question 13

Types of fibrous connective tissue

Answer 13

Loose connective tissue
Dense connective tissue

Question 14

Areolar tissue (loose connective)

Answer 14

Loosely organized fibers, abundant blood vessels, and a lot of seemingly empty space
Underlies all epithelia, in serous membranes, between muscles, passageways for nerves and blood vessels

Question 15

Reticular tissue (loose connective)

Answer 15

Mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts
Forms supportive stroma (framework) for lymphatic organs
Found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and bone marrow

Question 16

Dense regular Connective

Answer 16

Densely packed parallel collagen fibers and has compressed b
Fibroblast nuclei
Found in tendons and ligaments

Question 17

Dense irregular connective

Answer 17

Densely packed randomly arranged collagen fibers and few visible cells
Withstands unpredictable stresses
Deeper layer of skin; capsules around organs

Question 18

Adipose tissue

Answer 18

Empty looking cells with thin margins; nucleus pressed against cell membrane
Job: energy storage, insulation, cushioning

Question 19

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 19

Usually covered by perichondrium
Eases joint movement, holds airway open, moves vocal chords during speech
Found in: articular cartilage, costal cartilage, trachea, larynx, fetal skeleton

Question 20

Elastic cartilage

Answer 20

Cartilage containing elastic fibers
Covered with perichondrium
Provides flexible, elastic support
Found In: external ear and epiglottis

Question 21

Fibrocartilage

Answer 21

Never has a perichondrium
Resists compression and absorbs shock
Found in: pubic symphysis, menisci, and intervertebral discs

Question 22

Bone tissue (compact bone)

Answer 22

Osteocytes: mature bone cells that occupy the Lacunae
Osteon: structural unit in compact bone
Periosteum: tough fibrous connective tissue covering of the bone as a whole
Bone matrix

Question 23

Blood Tissue

Answer 23

Fluid connective tissue
Transports cells and dissolved matter from place to place

Question 24

Plasma

Answer 24

Bloods liquid ground substance

Question 25

Formed elements in blood

Answer 25

Cells and cell fragments

Question 26

Erythrocytes

Answer 26

Red blood cells
Transport O2 and CO2

Question 27

Leukocytes

Answer 27

White blood cells
Defense against infection and other diseases

Question 28

Platelets

Answer 28

Cell fragments involved in clothing and other mechanisms

Question 29

Excitability

Answer 29

A characteristic of all living cells
Developed to highest degree in nervous and muscular tissues

Question 30

Membrane potential

Answer 30

Electrical charge difference ( voltage ) that occurs across the plasma membranes is the basis for their excitation
Responds quickly to outside stimulus by means if changes in membrane potential
Nerves: changes result in rapid transmission of signals to other cells
Muscles: changes results in contraction, shortening of the cell

Question 31

Nervous tissue

Answer 31

Specialized for communication by electrical and chemical signals
Consists of neurons and neuroglia

Question 32

Skeletal muscle

Answer 32

Long threadlike cells - muscles fibers
Multiple nuclei adjacent to plasma membrane
Most attach to bone but also in tongue, upper esophagus, facial muscles, and some sphincter muscles (ring like or cuff like muscles that open and close body passages
It is voluntary ( conscious control over skeletal muscles

Question 33

Cardiac muscle

Answer 33

Only in the heart
Contains one centrally located nucleus surrounded by light staining glycogen
Intercalated discs join cardiocytes end to end
Striated and involuntary ( not under conscious control)

Question 34

Smooth muscle

Answer 34

Lacks stations and is involuntary
Propels content through an organ, regulates diameter of blood vessels