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Anatomy > Chapter 23 Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Digestive System Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

To masticate large chunks of good to smaller ones

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2
Q

Chemical digestion

A

To catabolic long chains of monomers to smaller one

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3
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Polysaccharides to glucose

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4
Q

Proteins

A

Polypeptides to amino acids

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5
Q

Fats

A

Triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol

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6
Q

Function of digestive systems

A

Digest nutrients/food transported into the body
How bile is removed (heme-group of the hemoglobin)

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7
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wave like contractions that more good down the gastro-intestinal tract

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8
Q

Bolus

A

Ball of food

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9
Q

Secretion

A

Movement from body to lumen of GI tract

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10
Q

Absorption

A

Movement from lumen into body/blood

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11
Q

Chyme

A

Fluid good containing gastric juices and partially digested food

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12
Q

Mesentary

A

A connective tissue that anchors the small intestines and it also holds many blood vessels

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13
Q

Mesocolon

A

Anchors the colon to the posterior body wall holding it in place

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14
Q

Greater omentum

A

It is over the top of everything
It is a layer of adipose tissue that stores fats and cushions the intestines

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15
Q

Lesser omentum

A

Is just over the stomach
It attaches the stomach to the liver
Also adipose tissue

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16
Q

Primary digestive organs

A

Organs that are within the digestive tract

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17
Q

Accessory organs

A

Organs that are not a part of the digestive tract

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18
Q

Step one of digestion

A

Begins in the oral cavity with mastication
Saliva is secreted onto the food

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19
Q

Functions of saliva

A

Moisten mouth
Begins starch and fat digestion
Cleanse teeth
Inhibit bacterial growth
Dissolves molecules so they can stimulate the taste buds
Moistens food and bind it together into bolus to aid in swallowing

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20
Q

Salivary amylase

A

Digestive enzyme that breaks Dow carbohydrates/starch

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21
Q

Lingual phase

A

Digestive enzyme that breaks down lipids
Activated by stomach acids

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22
Q

Protease

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A

Breaks down protein and is not in the saliva

23
Q

Lysozyme

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A

Enzyme that kills bacteria

24
Q

Parotid gland

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A

Produces the amylase of the digestive enzymes and the saliva
The saliva then comes out of the parotid duct

25
Step 2 of digestion: swallowing
After being masticated and dissolved by saliva, the good becomes a bolus Then to swallow the tongue compresses the food The epiglottis then slaps down allowing the food to enter the esophagus Upper esophageal sphincter constricts and bolus continues downward Lower esophageal sphincter relaxes to admit bolus to stomach
26
What we the sphincters of the stomach?
The lower esophageal sphincter The pyloric sphincter They make sure the stomach acid doesn't reach other organs
27
How many layers of muscle does the stomach have?
It has 3 layers Circular muscle Oblique muscle Longitudinal muscle
28
Gastric rugae
Folds inside of the stomach They help with masseration of food Also increases the surface area
29
Gastric pit
At base of the gastric pit are gastric glands Digestive enzymes are produced here
30
Latina propria
Lymphatic nodules are located here in the stomach
31
Lymphatic nodules
Lymphatic tissue that isn't surrounded by a capsule
32
Submucosa layer
Layer of the stomach where arteries, veins, and nerves are
33
Parietal cells
Found in the upper half of the gland Secretes hydrochloric acid Pushes chloride into the lumen of the stomach
34
Chef cells
Found in gastric gland Produce digestin enzymes like gastric lipase and pepsinogen Absent in pyloric and cardiac glands
35
G cells: aka enteroendocrine cells
Found in gastric gland make sure all the cells are active by making paracrine messengers
36
Mucous cells
Produce/secrete mucus Predominate in cardiac and pyloric glands
37
Intrinsic factor
A glycoprotein secreted by parietal cells Causes intestines to absorb vitamin B 12 The only indispensable function of the stomach
38
Innervation and circulation
Supplied with blood by branches of the celiac trunk All blood drained from the stomach and intestines enters the hepatic portal circulation and is filtered through liver before returning to the heart
39
Falciform ligament
Runs through the middle of the liver
40
Round ligament
It anchors the liver
41
Hepatic portal vein
Will go from the digestive system to the liver High in nutrients and provides liver with nutrients
42
Bile
Is secreted by the liver to set rid of the hemegroups
43
How the liver filters
1. nutrient blood will come from the intestines through hepatic portal vein 2. Will pass through sinosoidal capillaries 3. Then gets brought in by hepaticutes and passes through a central vein
44
Step 3 of digestion: stomach
Food in stomach will get dissolved and acidified. Food is now chyme Passes through the pyloric sphincter into duodenum Stomach causes the unfolding of proteins
45
Step 4 of digestion: duodenum
Duodenum neutralizes the stomach acid Pancreas will secrete pancreatic digestive enzyme into duodenum Gallbladder secretes bile into the duodenum It is the first part of the small intestine
46
Step 5 of digestion: jejunum
Jejenum is where the nutrients like amino acids, starch, and glucose gets absorbed into the blood
47
Step 6 of digestion: ileum
Ileum is the last part of the small intestines Goes through the ileocecal junction and to the large intestines
48
Step 7 of digestion; cecum
First part of the colon A pouch that extends below the ileocecal junction where bacteria gets put into the colon to aid with digestion
49
Appendix
Makes sure that beneficial bacteria gets put into the colon
50
Step 8 of digestion: ascending colon
Chyme passes up to ascending colon from the cecum
51
Lacteals
Where lipids are absorbed
52
Functions of small intestines: segmentation
They churn the chyme Moves the chyme around and exposes it to the brush border of the microvili Digestion completes for proteins and carbohydrates here
53
Colon
Where most of the lipids get absorbed Where feces is produced It passes through as chyme and then the water is absorbed which results in feces

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