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Anatomy > Chapter 23 Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

To masticate large chunks of good to smaller ones

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2
Q

Chemical digestion

A

To catabolic long chains of monomers to smaller one

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3
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Polysaccharides to glucose

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4
Q

Proteins

A

Polypeptides to amino acids

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5
Q

Fats

A

Triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol

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6
Q

Function of digestive systems

A

Digest nutrients/food transported into the body
How bile is removed (heme-group of the hemoglobin)

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7
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wave like contractions that more good down the gastro-intestinal tract

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8
Q

Bolus

A

Ball of food

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9
Q

Secretion

A

Movement from body to lumen of GI tract

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10
Q

Absorption

A

Movement from lumen into body/blood

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11
Q

Chyme

A

Fluid good containing gastric juices and partially digested food

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12
Q

Mesentary

A

A connective tissue that anchors the small intestines and it also holds many blood vessels

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13
Q

Mesocolon

A

Anchors the colon to the posterior body wall holding it in place

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14
Q

Greater omentum

A

It is over the top of everything
It is a layer of adipose tissue that stores fats and cushions the intestines

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15
Q

Lesser omentum

A

Is just over the stomach
It attaches the stomach to the liver
Also adipose tissue

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16
Q

Primary digestive organs

A

Organs that are within the digestive tract

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17
Q

Accessory organs

A

Organs that are not a part of the digestive tract

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18
Q

Step one of digestion

A

Begins in the oral cavity with mastication
Saliva is secreted onto the food

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19
Q

Functions of saliva

A

Moisten mouth
Begins starch and fat digestion
Cleanse teeth
Inhibit bacterial growth
Dissolves molecules so they can stimulate the taste buds
Moistens food and bind it together into bolus to aid in swallowing

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20
Q

Salivary amylase

A

Digestive enzyme that breaks Dow carbohydrates/starch

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21
Q

Lingual phase

A

Digestive enzyme that breaks down lipids
Activated by stomach acids

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22
Q

Protease

A

Breaks down protein and is not in the saliva

23
Q

Lysozyme

A

Enzyme that kills bacteria

24
Q

Parotid gland

A

Produces the amylase of the digestive enzymes and the saliva
The saliva then comes out of the parotid duct

25
Q

Step 2 of digestion: swallowing

A

After being masticated and dissolved by saliva, the good becomes a bolus
Then to swallow the tongue compresses the food
The epiglottis then slaps down allowing the food to enter the esophagus
Upper esophageal sphincter constricts and bolus continues downward
Lower esophageal sphincter relaxes to admit bolus to stomach

26
Q

What we the sphincters of the stomach?

A

The lower esophageal sphincter
The pyloric sphincter
They make sure the stomach acid doesn’t reach other organs

27
Q

How many layers of muscle does the stomach have?

A

It has 3 layers
Circular muscle
Oblique muscle
Longitudinal muscle

28
Q

Gastric rugae

A

Folds inside of the stomach
They help with masseration of food
Also increases the surface area

29
Q

Gastric pit

A

At base of the gastric pit are gastric glands
Digestive enzymes are produced here

30
Q

Latina propria

A

Lymphatic nodules are located here in the stomach

31
Q

Lymphatic nodules

A

Lymphatic tissue that isn’t surrounded by a capsule

32
Q

Submucosa layer

A

Layer of the stomach where arteries, veins, and nerves are

33
Q

Parietal cells

A

Found in the upper half of the gland
Secretes hydrochloric acid
Pushes chloride into the lumen of the stomach

34
Q

Chef cells

A

Found in gastric gland
Produce digestin enzymes like gastric lipase and pepsinogen
Absent in pyloric and cardiac glands

35
Q

G cells: aka enteroendocrine cells

A

Found in gastric gland
make sure all the cells are active by making paracrine messengers

36
Q

Mucous cells

A

Produce/secrete mucus
Predominate in cardiac and pyloric glands

37
Q

Intrinsic factor

A

A glycoprotein secreted by parietal cells
Causes intestines to absorb vitamin B 12
The only indispensable function of the stomach

38
Q

Innervation and circulation

A

Supplied with blood by branches of the celiac trunk
All blood drained from the stomach and intestines enters the hepatic portal circulation and is filtered through liver before returning to the heart

39
Q

Falciform ligament

A

Runs through the middle of the liver

40
Q

Round ligament

A

It anchors the liver

41
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

Will go from the digestive system to the liver
High in nutrients and provides liver with nutrients

42
Q

Bile

A

Is secreted by the liver to set rid of the hemegroups

43
Q

How the liver filters

A

1. nutrient blood will come from the intestines through hepatic portal vein
2. Will pass through sinosoidal capillaries
3. Then gets brought in by hepaticutes and passes through a central vein

44
Q

Step 3 of digestion: stomach

A

Food in stomach will get dissolved and acidified. Food is now chyme
Passes through the pyloric sphincter into duodenum
Stomach causes the unfolding of proteins

45
Q

Step 4 of digestion: duodenum

A

Duodenum neutralizes the stomach acid
Pancreas will secrete pancreatic digestive enzyme into duodenum
Gallbladder secretes bile into the duodenum
It is the first part of the small intestine

46
Q

Step 5 of digestion: jejunum

A

Jejenum is where the nutrients like amino acids, starch, and glucose gets absorbed into the blood

47
Q

Step 6 of digestion: ileum

A

Ileum is the last part of the small intestines
Goes through the ileocecal junction and to the large intestines

48
Q

Step 7 of digestion; cecum

A

First part of the colon
A pouch that extends below the ileocecal junction where bacteria gets put into the colon to aid with digestion

49
Q

Appendix

A

Makes sure that beneficial bacteria gets put into the colon

50
Q

Step 8 of digestion: ascending colon

A

Chyme passes up to ascending colon from the cecum

51
Q

Lacteals

A

Where lipids are absorbed

52
Q

Functions of small intestines: segmentation

A

They churn the chyme
Moves the chyme around and exposes it to the brush border of the microvili
Digestion completes for proteins and carbohydrates here

53
Q

Colon

A

Where most of the lipids get absorbed
Where feces is produced
It passes through as chyme and then the water is absorbed which results in feces

Anatomy (16 decks)

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