Chapter 19

Question 1

pulse

Answer 1

arterial palpatation of the heart beat of left ventricle

Question 2

varicose veins

Answer 2

tortuous, dilated veins due to incompetent valves

Question 3

hemorrhoids

Answer 3

varicosity of the veins in the anal canal and/or perineum

Question 4

vasoconstriction

Answer 4

contraction of the tunica media that causes the vessel diameter to close

Question 5

vasodilation

Answer 5

relaxation of the tunica media that causes the vessel diameter to widen

Question 6

vasomotor center

Answer 6

• brain center that oversees changes in vessel diameter in response to sensory info from barorecepters
• vasoconstriction will increase BP, vasodilation will decrease BP

Question 7

orthostatic hypotension

Answer 7

• drop in BP after a position change due to an aging sympathetic NS
• seen most often in the elderly

Question 8

NO

Answer 8

(nitrous oxide) released by endothelial cells in response to trauma, causes vasodilation

Question 9

phlebotomy

Answer 9

venous incision for the purpose of withdrawing blood

Question 10

hypotension

Answer 10

below 90/60; chronic low BP

Question 11

hypertension

Answer 11

above 140/90; chronic high BP

Question 12

vital signs

Answer 12

BP, pulse, respiration, and temperature

Question 13

sphygmomanometer

Answer 13

BP cup; measures BP

Question 14

angiography

Answer 14

infusion of radiopaque substance into circulation which lights up during an X-ray giving a visual of circulation in a certain area

Question 15

hypovolemic shock

Answer 15

• loss of blood volume due to hemorrhage, diarrhea, vomiting, burns, etc
• signs: increased breathing, HR, thirst, cold and clammy skin, decreased urine production, restlessness, coma

Question 16

vascular shock

Answer 16

• normal blood volume w/ extreme vessel dilation

- can occur in an allergic reaction, sunbathing and falling asleep, etc

Question 17

internal carotids

Answer 17

• arise from the brachiocephalic trunk

- common carotid splits into external and internal carotids; -supplies the orbits and 80% of the cerebrum

Question 18

shock

Answer 18

any condition where vessels are inadequately filled w/ oxygenated blood

Question 19

circle of Willis

Answer 19

• 2 posterior and 2 anterior arteries that encircle the pituitary gland
• equalizes the blood pressure in the two hemispheres

Question 20

radial artery

Answer 20

supplies the arm, thumb; site of radial pulse

Question 21

superior mesenteric artery

Answer 21

large abdominal artery; feed large and small intestine

Question 22

dorsalis pedis artery

Answer 22

supplies ankle and dorsum of foot

Question 23

median cubital vein

Answer 23

drains the anterior elbow

Question 24

dural sinuses

Answer 24

drains veins of brain

Question 25

hepatic portal vein

Answer 25

- major vein of the hepatic portal system | - drains all veins of the digestive system

Question 26

portal system

Answer 26

- narrows down to capillaries 2x - 1st for gas exchange - 2nd for blood filtration

Question 27

Great Saphenous vein

Answer 27

- longest vein in the body - travels along medial leg - empties into the femoral vein

Question 28

aneurysm

Answer 28

bulging area of a vessel, commonly in aorta or arteries feeding the brain and kidneys

Question 29

Marfan’s syndrome

Answer 29

- genetic defect of connective tissue | - one result is aortic aneurysm

Question 30

hematoma

Answer 30

clotted blood in tissues, usually due to impact; bruises

Question 31

arteriovenous fistulas

Answer 31

- abnormal connections between the arterial and venous systems - can be congenital or due to trauma

Question 32

petechiae

Answer 32

- tiny spots of blood in the skin | - can be caused by a capillary disorder, allergies, flea bites, too little vitamin C, thrombocytopenia

Question 33

hemangioma

Answer 33

- noncancerous tumors of tangled BVs and fibrous tissue | - usually congenital, but shrink/disappear with time

Question 34

coarctation

Answer 34

stenosis or narrowing of a vessel, typically the aorta

Question 35

phlebitis

Answer 35

inflammation of vein

Question 36

aorta

Answer 36

largest artery; extends from left ventricle

Question 37

tunica intima

Answer 37

innermost layer of blood vessel; contains endothelium- simple squamous

Question 38

tunica media

Answer 38

middle layer og blood vessel; smooth muscle

Question 39

tunica externa

Answer 39

- outermost layer of blood vessel | - collagen fibers that protect and reinforce

Question 40

arteries

Answer 40

blood away from heart; thicker tunica media; circular shape

Question 41

arterioles

Answer 41

small arteries

Question 42

capillaries

Answer 42

smallest blood vessels; where gas exchange occurs

Question 43

venules

Answer 43

small veins; when capillaries unite

Question 44

veins

Answer 44

blood to the hear; bigger tunica externa

Question 45

venae cavae

Answer 45

largest vein; return blood directly to heart