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Anatomy > Chapter 19: Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 19: Blood Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

What three things make up the cardiovascular system?

A

1) Blood
2) Heart
3) Blood Vessels

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2
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

1) Supplies nutrients to cells
2) Supplies oxygen to cells
3) Removes wastes
4) Prevents diseases

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3
Q

takes fluids out of the tissues that are carried into it by the circulatory system

A

Lymphatic System

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4
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A

1) Transports dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, and waste
2) Regulates pH and ion composition of blood
3) Blood clotting
4) Defends against toxins and pathogens
5) Regulates body temperature

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5
Q

What two things make up blood composition?

A

1) Plasma

2) Formed Elements

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6
Q

What are the three formed elements?

A

1) Red Blood Cells
2) White Blood Cells
3) Platelets

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7
Q

plasma and formed elements together

A

Whole Blood

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8
Q

makes up 50-60% of blood, is made up of 92% water, 8% proteins and electrolytes

A

Plasma

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9
Q

What are the three proteins in plasma?

A

1) Albumin
2) Globulins
3) Fibrinogen

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10
Q

one of the plasma proteins, 60% of the proteins, help transport materials by osmosis

A

Albumin

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11
Q

one of the plasma proteins (35%), contain antibodies

A

Globulins

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12
Q

one of the plasma proteins (4%), clot the blood

A

Fibrinogens

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13
Q

formation of blood in the bone marrow

A

Hematopoiesis

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14
Q

stem cells for all blood cell formation

A

Hemocytoblasts

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15
Q

contain hemoglobin, 99.9% of all blood cells, 25 trillion in the body, have a biconcave shape

A

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

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16
Q

percentage of whole blood that is formed elements

A

Hemocrit

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17
Q

What are three benefits of a RBC being biconcave in shape?

A

1) Surface Area to Volume ratio is better
2) Cells are stackable
3) Cells are flexible

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18
Q

found in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, removes damaged cells

A

Phagocytic cells

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19
Q

rupturing of blood cells

A

hemolysis

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20
Q

makes the urine red/brown; caused by RBC’s breaking down

A

Hemoglobinuria

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21
Q

fully intact RBC’s in urine; kidneys are not functioning

A

Hematuria

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22
Q

the formation of RBC’s, occurs in the red marrow, yellow marrow can change to red when needed

A

Erythropoiesis

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23
Q

a person that studies blood formation and function

A

Hematologist

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24
Q

one of the plasma proteins, 60% of the proteins, help transport materials by osmosis

A

Albumin

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25
one of the plasma proteins (35%), contain antibodies
Globulins
26
one of the plasma proteins (4%), clot the blood
Fibrinogens
27
formation of blood in the bone marrow
Hematopoiesis
28
stem cells for all blood cell formation
Hemocytoblasts
29
contain hemoglobin, 99.9% of all blood cells, 25 trillion in the body, have a biconcave shape
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
30
percentage of whole blood that is formed elements
Hemocrit
31
What are three benefits of a RBC being biconcave in shape?
1) Surface Area to Volume ratio is better 2) Cells are stackable 3) Cells are flexible
32
found in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, removes damaged cells
Phagocytic cells
33
rupturing of blood cells
hemolysis
34
makes the urine red/brown; caused by RBC's breaking down
Hemoglobinuria
35
fully intact RBC's in urine; kidneys are not functioning
Hematuria
36
the formation of RBC's, occurs in the red marrow, yellow marrow can change to red when needed
Erythropoiesis
37
a person that studies blood formation and function
Hematologist
38
trigger immune system responses (determine what blood type a person has)
Antigens
39
antibodies that attack foreign red blood cells
agglutinins
40
What are some characteristics of WBC's?
1) Have a nucleus and organelles 2) no hemoglobin 3) fight pathogens 4) can leave the bloodstream
41
type of WBC, a granulocyte, 50-70% granulocytes, fight bacterial infections, show up early
Neutrophils
42
type of WBC make up 2-4% of granulocytes, fight parasitic infections, phagocytic
Eosinophils
43
type of WBC make up less than 1 % of granulocytes, cause inflammation
Basophils
44
type of WBC 2-8% of agranulocytes, trigger scar tissues, show up late in injury
Monocytes
45
type of WBC, 20-30%, main line of defense
Lymphocyte
46
What are the three classes of lympocytes?
1) T-Cells 2) B-Cells 3) NK Cells
47
type of lymphocyte, defends against invading cells
t cells
48
type of lymphocyte, produce and distribute antibodies
b cells
49
fight cancers and abnormal tissues
NK (Natural Killer) Cells
50
What are the characteristics of WBC's?
1) use ameboid movement (change shape) 2) can leave the bloodstream 3) are attracted to chemical stimuli 4) phagocytic- eat damaged cells/tissues
51
made in the bone marrow
WBC's
52
make lymphocytes and plasma
Lymphoid stem cells
53
cells that form all blood cells
hemocytoblasts
54
make all blood cells and platelets except lymphocytes and plasma
myeloid stem cells
55
are flattened disks in the bloodstream, live 9-12 days, removed by liver and spleen
Platelets
56
what are the functions of platelets?
1) transports chemical needed to clot 2) patch walls of damaged blood vessels 3) contraction of clot
57
process of making platelets in the bone marrow
thrombocytipoeisis
58
create platelets
Megakaryocytes
59
process of stopping bleeding
Hemostasis
60
What are the three phases of hemostasis?
1) Vascular phase 2) Platelet phase 3) coagulation phase
61
phase of hemostasis, vessels contract (smooth muscle)
vascular phase
62
phase of hemostasis, platelets fill into damaged blood vessels and form a platelet plug
Platelet phase
63
phase of hemostasis, blood clot forms when fibers are added to platelets and forms a scab.
Coagulation phase
64
What three things is blood clotting restricted by?
1) Anticoagulants- enzyme that stops clotting 2) Heparin- blood thinner 3) Protein C- inactivates clotting factors
65
promote clotting, produced in the large intestine
Calcium ions and Vitamin K
66
gradual breakdown of a blood clot
fibrinolysis

Anatomy (12 decks)

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