Respiratory System Flashcards by Halleigh Thompson

use of oxygen to breakdown glucose to create energy

Aerobic Metabolism

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the functional unit of the lung (simple squamous cells), sir filled sac that is surrounded by the capillaries, location of gas exchange

Alveoli

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What are the functions of the respiratory system?

1) Gas Exchange
2) Moves air in and out of the alveoli
3) protects passageways from toxins
4) make sound
5) gives you your sense of smell

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Parts of the Upper respiratory system:

1) Nose
2) Nasal Cavity
3) Paranasal sinuses
4) Pharynx

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What happens to air in the nose?

1) cleans air
2) warms air
3) moistens air

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What are the parts of the lower respiratory system?

1) Larynx
2) trachea
3) Bronchi
4) Bronchioles
5) Alveoli

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part of the respiratory tract, runs from the entrance to the branches

conducting portion

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part of the respiratory tract, runs from bronchioles to alveoli

respiratory portion

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lines the respiratory tract

respiratory mucosa

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secretes mucous for lining

Lamina propina

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extensions that move mucous upward; filters air

Cilia

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nostrils

nares

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division of the nostrils

Septum

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stores mucous to keep areas moist

paranasal sinuses

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Where are the 4 types of sinuses?

1) Maxillary- upper jaw
2) Frontal- forehead
3) Ethmoidal- behind eyes
4) Sphenoidal- temples

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create the sense of smell

olfactory receptors

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cause air to swirl as it enters the passageway to make more contact with the lining of the tract

nasal conchae

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area above the hard and soft palate

nasopharynx

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soft palate to base of tongue

Oropharynx

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hyoid bone to epiglottis, separates the esophagus from the trachea

laryngopharynx

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made up of hyaline cartilage

Larynx

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opening in the larynx

Glottis

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upper front plate of the larynx (adam’s apple)

Thyroid Cartilage

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lower front plate of the larynx

Cricoid Cartilage

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flap that prevents food from entering the trachea

Epiglottis

prevent food from entering the larynx (protection)

False Vocal Cords

tissue that creates sound when it vibrates (air flow)

True Vocal Cords

process of creating sound (vibrations)

Phonation

Windpipe

Trachea

Characteristics of the trachea

1) flexible tube 2) 5 inches long 3) 1 inch diameter 4) C-shaped rings of cartilage (open to the back) 5) esophagus located behind it

splits once to right and the left, first branch of the bronchiole tree, right side is bigger

Primary bronchi

area where primary bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter the lung

Hilus

top of the lung (under the clavicle)

apex

bottom of the lung (sits on diaphragm)

base

primary bronchi and all of the branches off of it

bronchial tree

What is the order of the bronchial tree?

1) primary bronchi (1 rt, 1 lft) 2) secondary bronchi (3 rt, 2 lft) 3) tertiary bronchi 4) bronchioles 5) terminal bronchioles 6) respiratory bronchioles 7) Alevolar ducts 8) Alevoli (300 million)

have cartilage

bronchi

made up of muscular walls (no cartilage)

bronchioles

small segments of the lung and blood vessels that supply them

pulmonary lobules

tissue that covers the surface of the lungs

Visceral pleura

the passageway into the alveoli (muscular duct)

alveolar ducts

functional unit of the lung, 300 million, air filled sacs, surrounded by blood vessels

Alveoli

remove dust particles from the alveoli

Alveolar macrophages

create surfactant that keeps the walls of the lung from sticking together

Septal Cells

lack of surfactant

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

thin layer that separates the air from the blood cells

Respiratory Membranes

Why does air travel from alveoli to blood rapidly?

1) Short distance (thin) | 2) Oxygen and carbon dioxide are lipid soluble

carries low oxygen blood to the lungs

pulmonary artery

takes high oxygen blood

pulmonary vein

What is the order of vessels during exchanging of gases?

artery (blue)--> Arteriole (low Oxygen)---> Capillary---> Venuole (Red)---> Vein (High Oxygen)

the body cavity that is from the diaphragm up

Thoracic Cavity

the body cavity that is around each lung

Pleural Cavity

area between the pleural cavities

Mediastinum

the name for the wall of the chest

Parietal Pleura

name for the tissue on the surface of the lungs

Visceral Pleura

lubricates the surface of the lung

Pleural Fluid

exchanging gases between the air and the lungs

External respiration

exchanging gases between the blood and the cells (cellular respiration- in mitochondria)

Internal respiration

low oxygen levels

Hypoxia

complete loss of oxygen

Apoxia

a law that states that pressure and volume are inverses of one another

Boyle's Law

pressure surrounding air (760 mm Hg/mg

Atmospheric pressure

pressure in the respiratory tract

Intrapulmonary pressure

air in, chest out, diaphragm down

Inspiration

air out, chest in, diaphragm up

Expiration

ability of the lungs to expand

Compliance

What allows the lungs to expand?

1) Connective tissue structure 2) amount of surfactant 3) mobility of thoracic cage

one inhalation and exhalation

Respiratory cycle

amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs in one respiratory cycle

Tidal volume

What are the two main muscles that deal with breathing?

1) Diaphragm | 2) Intercostals

ability of the diaphragm and rib cage to return to its resting position

Elastic Rebound

number of breaths per minute

Respiratory rate

area from entrance to alveoli (air does not get used)

Anatomical Dead Space

air that reaches the alveoli

Alveolar Ventilation

What two things can alveolar ventilation be increased by?

1) tidal volume | 2) respiratory rate

the amount of air that goes in and out

Resting tidal volume

keeps the lungs from collapsing, whatever is left in the lung after all air has been blown out

Residual Volume

when a person takes a full breath in and exhales fully, shows fitness level

vital capacity

the protein pigment that carries oxygen | 9 4 molecules of oxygen per molecule)

Hemoglobin

What two parts of the brain control voluntary respiration?

1) Cerebral cortex | 2) Coordinates breathing

allows breathing when desired (voluntary)

Cerebral Cortex

coordinates voluntary breathing

Cerebellum

What two parts of the brain control involuntary breathing?

1) Medulla Oblongata | 2) Pons

part of the brain that controls forced breathing

Medulla Oblongata

part of the brain that controls passive breathing

Pons

What does the dorsal respiratory group control?

Inspiration

What does the ventral respiratory group control?

Exhalation

What are 5 factors that affect respiratory centers?

1) Chemoreceptors 2) Blood Pressure 3) Lung Stretch Receptors 4) Irritations in the respiratory tract 5) Other sensations (pain, temperature)

What are 5 affects of aging on the respiratory system?

1) Less surfactant 2) Alveoli break down 3) Arthritis in the rib cage 4) Low blood volume 5) Increase cancer risk

Respiratory System Flashcards

(89 cards)