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Anatomy > Circulation: Chapter 20/21 > Flashcards

Circulation: Chapter 20/21 Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

What happens if blood does not move?

A

1) Oxygen and nutrients do not get to the cells
2) Wastes are not carried away from cells
3) Hormones and WBC’s cannot get to their destination

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2
Q

a part of the cardiovascular system, from the heart to the lungs and back

A

Pulmonary Circuit

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3
Q

part of the cardiovascular system, from the heart to the body and back

A

Systematic Circuit

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4
Q

What is the vessel order?

A

Artery–> arteriole–> capillary–> venuole–> vein

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5
Q

How do veins and arteries differ?

A

Arteries- high pressure, carry away, thick, red, high oxygen, deep, no valves
Veins- low pressure, blue, return to heart, thin, low oxygen, superficial, have valves

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6
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

1) Right Atrium
2) Right Ventricle
3) Left Atrium
4) Left Ventricle

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7
Q

a chamber of the heart, collects blood from the body

A

Right atrium

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8
Q

a chamber of the heart, pumps blood to the lungs

A

Right ventricle

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9
Q

a chamber of the heart, collects blood from the lungs

A

Left Atrium

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10
Q

a chamber of the heart, pumps blood to the body

A

Left Ventricle

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11
Q

surrounds the heart, filled with fluid

A

Pericardial Sac

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12
Q

area between the lungs inside the mediastinum

A

Pericardial cavity

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13
Q

between the pleural cavities

A

Mediastinum

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14
Q

tissue of the heart (visceral), and the tissue surrounding the heart (parietal)

A

Pericardium

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15
Q

reduces friction between the two pericardium layers

A

Pericardial fluid

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16
Q

grooves for blood vessels on the heart

A

Sulcus

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17
Q

What are the three types of sulcus?

A

1) Coronary
2) anterior intraventricular
3) posterior intraventricular

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18
Q

type of sulcus, located between the atria and ventricles

A

Coronary

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19
Q

type of sulcus, located between the right and left ventricles on the front of the heart

A

Anterior Intraventricular

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20
Q

type of sulcus, located between the right and left ventricles on the back of the heart

A

Posterior intraventricular

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21
Q

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

A

1) Epicardium
2) Myocardium
3) Endocardium

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22
Q

layer of the heart wall, same as visceral pericardium, outer covering of the heart

A

Epicardium

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23
Q

layer of the heart wall, the muscle wall (cardiac muscle)

A

Myocardium

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24
Q

layer of the heart wall, the inner layer, makes the valves

A

Endocardium

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25
divides the right and left atria
Interatrial septum
26
divides the right and left ventricles
Interventricular septum
27
return blood to the right atrium from the body
Inferior/Superior Vena Cavas
28
vessel that collects blood from the heart ad returns it to the right atrium atrium
Coronary Sinus
29
What are the four valves in the heart?
1) tricuspid valve 2) Pulmonary valve 3) bicuspid valve 4) aortic valve
30
valve of the heart, between the right atrium and ventricle
Tricuspid valve
31
valve of the heart, between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Pulmonary Valve
32
valve of the heart, also known as the mitral valve, between the left atrium and ventricle
Bicuspid valve
33
runs from the heart wall to valve flaps and prevent prolapse of blood
Chordae Tendonae
34
muscles on the heart wall that pulls on the chordae tendonae to create tension on the valve flap
Papillary Muscles
35
returns blood to the Left Atrium
Pulmonary Veins
36
What is the difference between the left and right ventricle?
left- thicker and stronger | right- thinner and weaker
37
What are the functions of the connective tissues?
1) provide support 2) spread out contraction force 3) give strength and prevent over expansion 4) provides elasticity to rebound to normal shape and size
38
What are apart of the Right coronary artery supplies?
1) Right Atrium 2) Parts of both ventricles 3) Pacemakers (nerve bundles)
39
what are apart of the Left Coronary Artery supplies?
1) Left Atrium 2) Left ventricle 3) Septum
40
cells that contract the heart to pump blood (muscle cells)
contractile cells
41
control the contractile cells and nerve cells (pacemakers)
conducting system
42
trigger the atria to contract, located in the upper atria between vena cavas, contain pacemaker cells that establish heart rate
S/A (Sinoatrial) Node
43
trigger ventricles to contract , located in the bottom of the Right Atrium (by the tricuspid valve)
A/V (Atrioventricular) Node
44
nerve fibers that conduct electrical impulses from pacemaker cells to heart muscles
Purkinje fibers
45
slow heart rate
Bradycardia
46
fast heart rate
Tachycardia
47
test to check the electrical events of the heart
ECG- Electrocardiogram
48
wave of an ECG, atria start to contract
P Wave
49
wave of an ECG, ventricles contract, atria relac
QRS Wave
50
wave of an ECG, ventricles relax
T Wave
51
top number of blood pressure, contraction phase, "Lubb Dubb"
Systole
52
bottom number of blood pressure, relaxation phase, chambers fill
Diastole
53
process of listening to the heart with a stethoscope
Auscultation
54
1st sound the heart makes (S), bicuspid and tricuspid valves close, start of ventricular contraction
Lub
55
2nd sound the heart makes (S2), pulmonary and aortic valves closing, ventricles fill
Dub
56
quiet sound, blood flowing into ventricles
S3
57
quiet sound, atrial contraction
S4
58
fancy name for a blood pressure cuff
Sphygnomonameter
59
What two things affect heart rate?
1) Autonomic Activity | 2) Circulating hormones
60
part of the autonomic nervous system, slows down heart rate
parasympathetic system
61
part of the autonomic nervous system, speeds up heart rate
sympathetic system
62
What are three hormones that speed up heart rate?
1) Epinephrine 2) Norepinephrine 3) Thyroid hormone
63
controls the autonomic NS
Medulla Oblongota
64
location of the sympathetic and parasympathetic centers
Hypothalamus
65
detects pressure
baroreceptors
66
detect oxygen levels
chemoreceptors

Anatomy (12 decks)

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