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Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

includes the brain, spinal cord, and receptors in the sense organs

A

Neural tissue

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2
Q

the functional unit of the brain, transmits electrical impulses

A

Neurons

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3
Q

supporting cells that separate, protect, give structure, and are phagocytic

A

Neuroglia

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4
Q

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

A

1) central nervous system

2) peripheral nervous system

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5
Q

What does the CNS do/control?

A

1) relays info
2) processes info
3) analyzes info

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6
Q

What does the PNS do/control?

A

1) receives info from the environment

2) relays commands from the brain

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7
Q

What is the CNS made up of?

A

brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

What is the PNS made up of?

A

cranial and spinal nerves

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9
Q

what controls voluntary actions?

A

Somatic nervous system

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10
Q

What controls the involuntary actions?

A

Autonomic nervous system

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11
Q

What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?

A

1) Sympathetic

2) parasympathetic

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12
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do to your metabolism?

A

Speeds it up

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13
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do to your metabolism?

A

Slows it down

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14
Q

part of the neuron, contains the nucleus and the cytoplasm

A

Cell Body

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15
Q

part of the neuron, the end of the neuron that connects to other cells

A

Dendrites

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16
Q

part of the neuron, long fiber that connects the cell body to the terminal end

A

Axon

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17
Q

part of the neuron, area where 2 neurons meet (gap)

A

Synapse

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18
Q

chemicals that allow communications between two nerves

A

neurotransmitters

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19
Q

area where nerve connects to muscle

A

neuromuscular junction

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20
Q

area where nerve connects to muscle and glands connect

A

Neuroglandular Junction

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21
Q

What are the three types of neurons?

A

1) sensory
2) motor
3) interneurons

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22
Q

type of neuron, connected to sense organs

A

sensory

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23
Q

type of neuron, connect to muscles

A

Motor

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24
Q

type of neuron, connects one neuron together

A

Interneurons

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25
3 protective layers that surround the brain and spinal cord
spinal meninges
26
fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord
cerebrospinal fluid
27
What are the three layers of the spinal meninges?
1) Dura mater 2) Arachnoid 3) Pia mater
28
layer of the spinal meninges, outer protective layer
Dura mater
29
layer of the spinal meninges, separates dura mater and the brain, looks like a spider web
Arachnoid
30
layer of the spinal meninges, directly covers the brain
Pia mater
31
made up of 100 billion neurons, 3 pounds
Brain
32
part of the brain, upper portion of the brain, 2 halves, largest part
Cerebrum
33
What are the 4 parts of the cerebrum?
1) Frontal 2) Parietal 3) Temporal 4) Occipital
34
What does the frontal lobe control?
memory and thought
35
What does the parietal lobe control?
sense of touch
36
What does the temporal lobe control?
hearing
37
What does the occipital lobe control?
Sight
38
coordinates and controls balance in the body parts you can control
Cerebellum
39
connects the brain stem to the cerebrum, regulates incoming stimulants
Thalamus
40
controls hunger, thirst, temperature, and anger
Hypothalamus
41
What do the pons and medulla oblongata control?
1) breathing 2) heart rate 3) swallowing 4) blood pressure
42
Where is the pons located?
in the front of the brain
43
Where is the medulla oblongata located?
in the back of the brain
44
connects the 2 lobes of the brain and exchanges info from side to side
Corpus Collosum
45
link between the brain and the body
spinal cord
46
bundle of neurons connected together
Nerves
47
the amount of energy needed to activate a neuron
threshold stimulus
48
impulse that goes to the spinal cord and directly back to the body, does not go to the brain
reflex
49
react to stimuli (ex- light, touch, smell, taste)
sensory receptors
50
What are the five types of receptors?
1) pain- damaged cells 2) thermoreceptors- temperature 3) mechanoreceptors- sound, touch, motion, pressure 4) chemoreceptors- chemicals 5) photoreceptors- light
51
window to the eye, clear front covering
cornea
52
fluid in front chamber of the eye
Aqueous humor
53
colored part of the eye
iris
54
opening in the iris that allows light to get to the retina
pupil
55
focuses the light onto the retina
lens
56
fluid in the back of the eye
vitreous humor
57
area of nerve cells on the back of the eye
retina
58
light sensitive in the retina
rods
59
color sensitive in the retina
cones
60
white part of the eye, blood vessels are here
Sclera
61
connects the eye to the occipital lobe of the brain
optic nerve
62
What are the two functions of the ears?
1) hearing | 2) balance
63
ear canal
auditory canal
64
ear drum
tympanum
65
What are the three ear bones?
1) hammer 2) anvil 3) stirrup
66
connects stirrup to the cochlea and transmits vibrations
oval window
67
fluid filled chamber with hairs in it that sense vibration and pass information to the cochlear nerve
Cochlea
68
is controlled by the semicircular canals in the ear, fluid filled chambers that detect where a persons body position is
Balance
69
what controls the sense of smell in the nose?
chemoreceptors
70
What controls the sense of taste?
the sense of smell
71
What 4 flavors do taste buds determine?
1) salty 2) sweet 3) bitter 4) sour
72
a disease of the brain that causes memory loss
Alzheimer's
73
lose ability to speak
aphasia
74
inability to focus
Attention deficit disorder
75
hyperfocus
autism
76
temporary paralysis of the face
bells palsy
77
brain damage due to lack of oxygen
cerebral palsy
78
pryon- causes brain to turn into swiss cheese
Cruetzfeldt Jakob Disease
79
swelling of the brain
Encephalitis
80
repeated seizures
Epilepsy
81
genetic, progressive, loss of cognitive and behavioral and physical function
Huntington's disease
82
cerebral spinal fluid gets too big
hydrocephalus
83
decrease in dopamine in the brain, causes tremors
Parkinson's disease
84
involuntary actions, typically outbursts
Tourettes

Anatomy (12 decks)

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