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Anatomy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

the release of waste materials from the body (carbon dioxide, sweat, urea, water, and wastes)

A

Excretion

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2
Q

What are the four excretory organs?

A

1) Liver
2) Lungs
3) Skin
4) Kidney

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3
Q

the removal of bacteria, toxins, hormones, and dead blood cells (takes place in the liver)

A

Detoxification

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4
Q

disease in which too many toxins causes the liver to become hardened and it stops functioning

A

Cirrhosis

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5
Q

substance produced by the liver that is made up of amino acids

A

Urea

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6
Q

removes organic waste products created by the cells of the body from the blood

A

Urinary System

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7
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system?

A

1) Regulate blood volume and pressure
2) Regulate ion concentrations of electrolytes
3) Regulate blood pH
4) Conserve nutrients (sugar)
5) Help detoxify blood (filtration)

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8
Q

What are the four parts of the urinary system?

A

1) Kidneys
2) Ureters
3) Urinary bladder
4) urethra

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9
Q

organ of the urinary system, 2 of them, behind the peritoneum, filter the blood, reabsorb needed materials, secrete urine

A

Kidneys

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10
Q

organ of the urinary system, connects the kidneys to the bladder

A

Ureters

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11
Q

organ of the urinary system, stores the urine

A

Urinary bladder

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12
Q

organ of the urinary system, releases wastes to the outside of the body

A

Urethra

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13
Q

located above the kidneys on each side, secrete hormones into the blood

A

Adrenal glands

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14
Q

inner edge of the kidney where blood vessels and ureters enter

A

Hilus

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15
Q

the covering on the outside of the kidney

A

Renal Capsule

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16
Q

What are the functions of the kidney?

A

1) Removes wastes from the blood

2) Regulates concentrations of substances in bodily fluids ( salts, water, sugars)

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17
Q

What are the layers of the kidney?

A

1) Cortex
2) Medulla
3) Pelvis

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18
Q

outer layer of the kidney, filters all material out of the blood, 180 liters/day

A

Cortex

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19
Q

middle layer of the kidney, reabsorbs needed materials back into the blood, 178 Liters,day

A

Medulla

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20
Q

inner most layer of the kidney, connects to the ureter, secretes excess material (urine), 2 liters/day

A

Pelivs

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21
Q

in the medulla, triangular structures

A

Renal Pyramids

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22
Q

drain urine from the renal pyramids

A

Minor Calyx

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23
Q

collect urine from minor calyxes (4-5) and dump into the pelvis

A

Major Calyx

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24
Q

the functional unit of the kidney, 1.25 million per kidney, filters the blood

A

Nephron

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25
What are the two types of nephrons?
1) Cortical | 2) Juxtamedullary
26
type of nephron, 85%, found mostly in the cortex
Cortical
27
type of nephron, 15%, found in the cortex and medulla
Juxtamedullary
28
ball of capillaries where materials are filtered out of the blood, first section of the nephron (filtration)
Glomerulus
29
surrounds the glomerulus and collects filtrate and needed/uunneeded material, second section of the nephron (filtration)
Bowman's capsule
30
total area where reabsorption occurs, contains the loop of henle
renal tubule
31
leads into the glomerulus
afferent arteriole
32
leads out of the glomerulus
efferent arteriole
33
collects urine and connects to the pelvis/ureters (secretion)
Collecting duct
34
What are the three parts to the renal tubule?
1) proximal convoluted tubule 2) loop of henle 3) distal convoluted tubule
35
part of the renal tubule, reabsorbs 60-70% of water and electrolytes
proximal convoluted tubule
36
part of the renal tubule, reabsorbs 25% of water and most sodium and calcium ions
Loop of Henle
37
part of the renal tubule, reabsorbs 5% of water and some electrolytes
Distal Convoluted tubule
38
only the unneeded material that is released from the body
urine
39
the process of urination
micturation
40
How does urine formation maintain homeostasis?
1) Regulation of blood volume | 2) regulation of the composition of blood
41
caries blood into the kidney, high oxygen levels, 'dirty' blood
Renal artery
42
carries blood away from the kidney, low oxygen levels, 'clean' blood
Renal vein
43
smaller blood vessels that lead into and out of the glomerulus
aterioles
44
needed and unneeded materials
filtrate
45
What are the three waste products in the urine?
1) Urea 2) Creatine 3) Uric Acid
46
a waste product in urine, 21 grams/day, proteins breakdown from the liver
Urea
47
waste product in urine, 1.8 grams/day, broken down creatine that is made in muscle tissue
Creatine
48
waste product in urine, .5 grams/day, formed from breaking down RNA molecules
Uric Acid
49
What are the three layers of the ureters?
1) Muscosa 2) Muscular 3) Serous
50
the inner layer of the ureters, makes mucous
Mucosa
51
the middle layer of the ureters, 2 different layers, smooth muscle
Muscular
52
outer layer of the ureters, protective connective tissues
Serous
53
What are the four layers of the urinary bladder?
1) Mucosa 2) Submucosa 3) Muscularis 4) Serous
54
the stretch receptors that cause the urge to urinate, parasympathetic NS control
Micturation reflex
55
What are some affects of aging on the urinary system?
1) Incontinence 2) Kidney stones 3) Cancer 4) Muscles weaken
56
inability to control urine, involuntary leakage of urine
incontinence
57
an infection of the urinary system, caused by ecoli, bacterial, begins in the urethra
UTI
58
inflammation of the bladder, chronic
Interstitial Cystitis
59
swelling of the nephrons
nephritis
60
urine test
urinalysis
61
outer layer of kidney tissue dies
Cortical Necrosis
62
filters the blood when kidneys do not function
Dialysis
63
swelling of the prostate due to abnormal growth of tissue and cells
Prostate Cancer
64
rare malignant tumor of the kidney
Wilms Tumor
65
hardened deposits that pass through the kidneys, ureters, and urethra
Calculi/ Kidney Stones
66
reduced blood flow through the kidney, swelling of kidney
Kidney Failure
67
cancer of the bladder, abnormal growth of cells/tissues in the bladder
Bladder Carcinoma
68
the bladder bulges into the vaginal canal/ prolapse, one cause can be childbirth
Cystocele
69
urate crystals build up in the joints, typically in the feet/toes
Gout

Anatomy (12 decks)

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