Chapter 19: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Question 1

homeostasis of body fluids, where input and output are balanced

Answer 1

fluid balance

Question 2

the total volume of water in the body have increased or decreased beyond normal amounts

Answer 2

fluid imbalance

Question 3

substances that are electrically charged group of ions

Answer 3

electrolytes

Question 4

a group of atoms

Answer 4

ions

Question 5

homeostasis of normal electrolyte levels in the body fluids

Answer 5

electrolyte balance

Question 6

the most abundant compound in the body

Answer 6

water

Question 7

total water volume for infant

Answer 7

75%

Question 8

total water volume for male

Answer 8

60%

Question 9

total water volume for female

Answer 9

50%

Question 10

a group of seperated spaces in the body that function all in one compartment

Answer 10

fliud compartment

Question 11

extracellular and intracellular are the two major fluid ______

Answer 11

compartments

Question 12

consist mainly of the liquid part of whole blood (plasma) found in blood vessels

Answer 12

extracellular

Question 13

fluid that surrounds the cells

Answer 13

interstital fluid

Question 14

fluid that consist of cerebrospinal fluid, fluids of the eyeball and synovial joint fluids

Answer 14

transcellular fluid

Question 15

the largest volume of body fluid located inside of all cells of the body

Answer 15

intracellular fluid

Question 16

theses are examples of fluid ______
-water in foods we eat
-liquids we drink
-water formed by catabolism of nutrients (cellular respiration)

Answer 16

fluid intake

Question 17

these are examples of water ______
-water evapor lost when we exhale
-sweat that evaporates from the skin
-urine output by the kidney
-water lost in feces

Answer 17

output

Question 18

fluid _____ occurs in the kidney, lungs, skin and intestines

Answer 18

output

Question 19

which organ excrete the most fluid output

Answer 19

kidney

Question 20

antidiueretic hormone released from posterior pitutary gland ______ and the Extracellular fluid ______

Answer 20

increases , decreases

Question 21

which hormone promotes water reabsorption from the kidney tubule back to the blood

Answer 21

anti- diueretic (ADH)

Question 22

which hormones reduces water output

Answer 22

anti-diuretic (ADH) and aldosterone

Question 23

which hormone increases sodium NA+ reaborption from the kidney tubles

Answer 23

aldosterone

Question 24

which hormone increases urine volume

Answer 24

atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)

Question 25

which hormone is released when blood volume is higher than normal which stretches the atrium, and promotes sodium loss from the kidney tubules

Answer 25

atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)

Question 26

factors that adjust fluid output

Answer 26

electrolytes and blood proteins

Question 27

the ____ is the mobile medium that can move fluids around quickly to even out any local fluid imbalances

Answer 27

blood plasma

Question 28

______ blood pressure is a "water- pushing" force

Answer 28

capillary

Question 29

if capillary blood pressure decreases less ____ filters out of blood into interstital fluid

Answer 29

fluid

Question 30

changes blood and interstital fluid volumes

Answer 30

fluid shift

Question 31

hold water into the blood and can pull additional water into the blood from interstital fluid "water pulling"

Answer 31

plasma proteins

Question 32

abnormally high or low volumes of one or more body fluids

Answer 32

fluid imbalances

Question 33

significant loss of only water from the body

Answer 33

dehydration

Question 34

hot weather and excercise cause increases in water _____ maily by sweating

Answer 34

output

Question 35

diarrhea and vomitting are causes of

Answer 35

dehydration

Question 36

a clinical sign of dehydration, of decreased resilency

Answer 36

turgor

Question 37

having more water in the body than needed, rapid loss of water in urine

Answer 37

overhydration

Question 38

rapidly drinking large volumes of water and not excreting the urine out

Answer 38

water intoxication

Question 39

carry a positive or negative electrical charge

Answer 39

ions

Question 40

positively charged ions (sodium)

Answer 40

cautions

Question 41

negatively chargred ions (chloride)

Answer 41

anions

Question 42

these are sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium

Answer 42

cations

Question 43

these are chloride, bicarbonate, phosphates

Answer 43

anions

Question 44

proteins can be anionic when they contain negatively charged amino acids

Question 45

in _____ fluid sodium is the dominate postively ion and chloride is the dominate negative ion

Answer 45

extracellular fluid

Question 46

in _____ fluid potassium is positive and anionic proteins are negative

Answer 46

intracellular fluid

Question 47

____ is required for hemoglobin production

Answer 47

iron

Question 48

_____ must be available for synthesis of thyroid hormones

Answer 48

iodine

Question 49

____ is required for nerve conduction and muscle contraction

Answer 49

electrolytes

Question 50

tissue swelling, abnormally large amounts of fluid in the interstital tissue spaces of the body

Answer 50

edema

Question 51

swollen subcutaneous tissue that do not rapidly refill after you push down on it

Answer 51

pitting edema

Question 52

the _____ acts as the chief regulator of sodium levels in body fluids

Answer 52

kidney

Question 53

diruption in levels of normal chemical activity of a particular electrolyte

Answer 53

electrolyte imbalance

Question 54

hypernatremia - blood sodium level is more than 145

Answer 54

overuse of table salt, dehydration and diarrhea

Question 55

hyponatremia - when the blood sodium level is below 136

Answer 55

too much water in extracellular fluid, excessive salt loss resulting from burns or diuretics. causes headaches, confusion, seizures, coma or death

Question 56

normal range for potassium 3.5 - 5.1

Question 57

hyperkalemia - blood potassium levels or more than 5.1

Answer 57

caused by tissue trauma/ burns, renal failure or inability of the kidneys to excrete excess potassium

Question 58

hypoklameia - low blood potassium below 3.5

Answer 58

caused by abuse of laxatives, extreme weight loss, loss of potassium through diarrhea, vomitting and gastric suction

Question 59

normal range for calcium is 4.2 - 5.25 8.4 - 10.5

Question 60

hypercalcemia - blood calcium levels is higher than normal more than 5.25

Answer 60

fatigue, muscle weakness, diminished reflexes, impaired cardiac conduction

Question 61

hypocalcemia - blood calcium level is lower than 4.2

Answer 61

muscle cramping and twiching of muscles, hyperactive reflexescardiac dysrthymia

Question 62

an abnormal spasm of facial muscles (in hypocalcemic patients)

Answer 62

chvostek sign