Chapter 7: Skeletal System Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
What are the Functions of the skeletal system ?
A
- Support
-movement
-Storage
-Hematopoiesis
2
Q
Skeletal system protects _________ inside bone cavity
A
Soft tissue
3
Q
The skull protects what ?
A
The brain
4
Q
The ribs and breastbone protect the ________
A
Heart and lungs
5
Q
The primary organs of the skeletal system
A
Bones
6
Q
The internal frame work of the body
A
Skeleton
7
Q
skeletal muscles attach to ________
A
Bones
8
Q
______ organs are in the cavities that surround the breast bones and skeletal muscle
A
internal
9
Q
The BLOOD forming tissue
A
Red bone marrow
10
Q
Red bone marrow ______
A
- produce red blood cells
- Transport oxygen
- contains white blood cells
11
Q
When a muscle _________ and _____________ they pull on bones and move them
A
Contract , shorten
12
Q
What are the bones important roles
A
- Homoestasis
- nerve / muscle function
13
Q
When calcium __________ normal level , calcium moves out of the blood and into the bones for storage
A
Exceeds
14
Q
When calcium _______ below normal level, calcium moves from the bones to blood increasing calcium levels
A
Decreases
15
Q
Calcium deposits and withdrawls balance is regulated by ________
A
Hormones
16
Q
What gland increases mineralization in bone and decrease blood calcium levels
A
Thyroid gland = calcitonin (CT)
17
Q
What gland decrease calcium in bone and increases blood calcium
A
Parathyroid Gland (PTH)
18
Q
The cavities inside the bone store ______
A
Fat
19
Q
What term is “BLOOD CELL FORMATION“ ?
A
Hematopoiesis
20
Q
Hematopoiesis is carried into _____
A
Red Bone Marrow
21
Q
SOFT CONNECTIVE TISSUE inside hard walls of the bones
A
Red Bone Marrow
22
Q
How many types of major bones ?
A
4
23
Q
What are the major bone types ?
A
Long bong
Short bones
Irregular bones
Flat bones
24
Q
What shape is a Sesamoid bone ?
A
Round
25
Sesamoid bones develop within a _______
Tendon
26
Example of a sesamoid bone ?
Kneecap (Patella) tendon
27
Example of a long bone
Humerus ( arm bone)
28
Example of short bone ?
Carpals (wrist bones)
29
example of a flat bone
Frontal /skull bone
30
Example of irregular bone
Vertebrae ( spinal ) bone
31
______ referes to the SHAFT of a long bone
Diaphysis
32
___________ cavity refers to YELLOW BONE MARROW or Fatty form marrow inside the Diaphysis bone
Medullary
33
_______ ends of the long bone
Epiphysis
34
_________ cartilage is smooth rubber cushion covering the epiphysis
Articular
35
______ is a strong membrane of fibrous tissue covering a long bone
Periosteum
36
______ membrane lines the Medullary cavity
Endosteum
37
What are the two major types of connective tissue ?
Bone and cartilage
38
What are the two types of bone tissue ?
Compact bone and spongy bone ( cancellous )
39
_________ bone contains MANY SPACES and is filled with red and yellow marrow
Spongy bone (cancellous)
40
_______ is a hard bone that DOES NOT contain spaces
Compact Bone
41
______ made of structural unit of compact bone tissue also referred as the “HAVERSION SYSTEM“
Osteon
42
Referred to as “BONE FORMING CELL“
Osteoblast
43
Referred to as “ BONE DISSOLVING CELL“
Osteoclast
44
Referred to as “ INACTIVE BONE CELL“
Ostecyte
45
_____ is A bone disease where there is excessive loss of calcified matrix
Osteoporosis
46
_____ a tubelike passage at the CENTER OF A STRUCTURE
Central canal
47
______ a ring of calcified matrix surrounding harversian canal
Concentric lamella
48
______ canal that is referred to as the “ COMMUNICATING CANAL “ aka volkmann canal
Transverse
49
______ is referred to as “ SPACE/ CAVITY “
Lacunae
50
____ narrow tubular passage or channel in compact bone
Canaliculi
51
_____ bone that form “ HARD SHELLS“ of a bone ( chicken bone )
Compact bone
52
————- “ CYLINDRICAL UNIT “
Osteons
53
What bone tissue is constructed of thing bony branches
Cancellous (spongy) bone
54
_____ tissue structure consist of firm gel fibers and flexible firm plastic
Cartilage
55
_______ is also called cartilage cells
Chrondrocytes
56
Are there blood vessels in cartilage tissue ?
No
57
_______ tissue rebuils itself slowly after an injury
Cartilage
58
__________ ossification is the process where bones are formed from cartilage models
Endrochondral
59
The “ SOFT SPOTS “ on a newborn baby’s skull are
Fontanels
60
_________ ossification is a process where FLAT BONES are formed in connective tissue
Intramembranous
61
_______ is needed for the bone to continue to grow “ GROWTH PLATE“
Epiphyseal Plate
62
How many cranial bones are there ?
8
63
how many facial bones are there ?
14
64
How many tiny bones in the middle ear ?
6
65
What are the two major divisions of the skeleton ?
Appendicular and axial
66
What bone parts are in the axial skeleton ?
Skull
Hyoid
Spine
Thorax
67
what bones form the appendicular skeleton ?
Arms and legs ( upper/ lower extremities )
68
How many bones are in the skeleton ?
206
69
Cranial, ear, facial, vertebrae, ribs, sternum and hyoid are in what skeleton division ?
Axial
70
Wrist, hand, arm, shoulder, pelvic, thigh, ankle and foot bones are in what skeleton division ?
Appendicular
71
How many axial bones are in the skeleton ?
80
72
How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton ?
126
73
What are the cranial bones ?
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
74
These are _______ bones
Nasal
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Mandible
Lacrimal
Palatine
Vomer
Inferior nasal concha
Facial
75
Malleus, incus and stapes are what kind of bones ?
Ear
76
What bone does not join with another bone and is “ U shaped “
Hyoid
77
What skeleton are these terms apart of __________ what part of the skeleton are these...
Clavicle
Scapula
Humorous
Radius
Ulna
Carpal
Metacarpal
Phalanges
Appendicular and upper extremities
78
These bones apart of which skeleton division and what extremity
Coxal
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsal
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Appendicular and Lower
79
What skeleton division these are apart of and part ?
Sternum
Ribs
Axial and thorax
80
The vertebrae bones is apart of which skeleton division ?
Cervical
Throracc
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
Axial
81
Paranasal Sinuses are apart of what cavity ?
Frontal
Maxilla
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
82
Spaces/ cavities in cranial bones
Sinuses
83
Immovable joints are called
Suctures
84
How many bones are in the vertebrae column ?
24
85
The axis and atlas is apart of the
Vertebrae
86
The two terms of the side of the spine
Thoracic and sacral curves
87
______ curvature rounds outward
Convex
88
________ this curvature curves inward
Concave
89
The two terms for the STRAIGHT part of the spine are
Cervical and lumbar
90
A continuous convex curve is the _________ curvature
Primary
91
The cervicaland lumbar curvatures are the ________ curatures
Secondary
92
_______ ribs attatch the sternum
True ribs
93
———— ribs DO NOT attatch directly to the sternum
False
94
What are the 4 types of ribs ?
Floating
True
False
Sternum
95
What are the 3 types of joints ?
Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis
96
Which joints have no movement ?
Synarthrosis
97
Which joints have slight movement ?
Amphiathrosis
98
which joints are freely moveable ?
Diarthrosis
99
What are the 6 types of joints are ___________ joints ?
Hinge
Ball and socket
Pivot
Glinding
Saddle
Condyloid
Diarthrosis
100
Cords or bands of strong fibrous connective tissue as the JOINT CAPSULE
ligaments
101
Which joint includes su turns between skull bones ?
Synarthrosis
102
Which joint is made by cartilage ?
Amphiarthrosis
103
Which joint type contains the joint capsule, cavity layer ligament and layer of smooth cartilage ?
Diarthrosis
104
______ fliud acts as lubricant and cushion
Synovial
105
Bending of the elbow is _____ and _____ the angle joint
Flexion and decrease
106
______ straightening a bent elbow and ______ the angle joint
Extension and increase
107
Flexion and extension is an example of what diarthrosis joint ?
Hinge joint
108
______ Rotating a joint spins at one bone relative to another
Rotation
109
Rotation is an example of what type of diarthrosis joint ?
Pivot joint
110
_____ a joint moves the DISTAL end of the bone in a circle while the proximal part is stable
Circumducting
111
Circumducting is an example of what kind of diadthrosis joint ?
Ball and socket
112
_____ move a part away from midline and _____ the angle joint
Abduction and increases
113
Abduction is a ________ diarthrosis joint ?
Condyloid joint
114
_______ move a part towards the midline and ______ the angle joint
Adduction and decreases
115
Adduction is a _______ diarthrosis joint ?
Condyloid joint
116
_____ the term that goes UP the vertebrae
Acending
117
______ the term that goes DOWN the vertebrae
Decending
118
Shoulder and hip are what type of diarthrosis joints ?
Ball and socket
119
The elbow and knee is what diarthrosis joint
Hinge joint
120
Head and neck are what type of diarthrosis joint ?
Pivot
121
Superior and inferior articulating process is what type of diarthrosis joint ?
Glinding
122
The distal end of the radius / carpal bones (bones that condyle) are an example of which diarthrosis joint ?
Condyloid joint
123
_______ is the thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis
Articular cartilage
124
Shin bone is the
Ulna
125
Bones in the palm of your hands
Carpals
126
The heel bone
Calcaneus
127
The bone that runs along forearm
Humerus
128
Need like threads of spongy bone
Trabeculae
129
Fibers embedded in a firm gel
Cartilage
130
Outer covering of bone
Periosteum
131
Porous bone
Spongy bone
132
Dense bone tissue
Compact
133
Ring of bone
Lamellae
134
Connect lacunae
Canaliculi
135
The 27 bones in the wrist and hand allow more
Dexterity
136
In a child there are 5 of these bones that fuse into one as a adult
Sacrum
137
The spinal cord enters the cranium through a large hole one the _______ bone
Occipital
138
When a baby learns to stand the ______ are of the spine becomes concave
Lumbar
139
The mastoid process is a part of the _____ bone
Temporal
