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Anatomy & Physicology > Chapter 7: Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Functions of the skeletal system ?

A
  • Support
    -movement
    -Storage
    -Hematopoiesis
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2
Q

Skeletal system protects _________ inside bone cavity

A

Soft tissue

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3
Q

The skull protects what ?

A

The brain

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4
Q

The ribs and breastbone protect the ________

A

Heart and lungs

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5
Q

The primary organs of the skeletal system

A

Bones

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6
Q

The internal frame work of the body

A

Skeleton

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7
Q

skeletal muscles attach to ________

A

Bones

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8
Q

______ organs are in the cavities that surround the breast bones and skeletal muscle

A

internal

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9
Q

The BLOOD forming tissue

A

Red bone marrow

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10
Q

Red bone marrow ______

A
  • produce red blood cells
  • Transport oxygen
  • contains white blood cells
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11
Q

When a muscle _________ and _____________ they pull on bones and move them

A

Contract , shorten

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12
Q

What are the bones important roles

A
  • Homoestasis
  • nerve / muscle function
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13
Q

When calcium __________ normal level , calcium moves out of the blood and into the bones for storage

A

Exceeds

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14
Q

When calcium _______ below normal level, calcium moves from the bones to blood increasing calcium levels

A

Decreases

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15
Q

Calcium deposits and withdrawls balance is regulated by ________

A

Hormones

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16
Q

What gland increases mineralization in bone and decrease blood calcium levels

A

Thyroid gland = calcitonin (CT)

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17
Q

What gland decrease calcium in bone and increases blood calcium

A

Parathyroid Gland (PTH)

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18
Q

The cavities inside the bone store ______

A

Fat

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19
Q

What term is “BLOOD CELL FORMATION“ ?

A

Hematopoiesis

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20
Q

Hematopoiesis is carried into _____

A

Red Bone Marrow

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21
Q

SOFT CONNECTIVE TISSUE inside hard walls of the bones

A

Red Bone Marrow

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22
Q

How many types of major bones ?

A

4

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23
Q

What are the major bone types ?

A

Long bong
Short bones
Irregular bones
Flat bones

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24
Q

What shape is a Sesamoid bone ?

A

Round

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25
Q

Sesamoid bones develop within a _______

A

Tendon

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26
Q

Example of a sesamoid bone ?

A

Kneecap (Patella) tendon

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27
Q

Example of a long bone

A

Humerus ( arm bone)

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28
Q

Example of short bone ?

A

Carpals (wrist bones)

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29
Q

example of a flat bone

A

Frontal /skull bone

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30
Q

Example of irregular bone

A

Vertebrae ( spinal ) bone

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31
Q

______ referes to the SHAFT of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

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32
Q

___________ cavity refers to YELLOW BONE MARROW or Fatty form marrow inside the Diaphysis bone

A

Medullary

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33
Q

_______ ends of the long bone

A

Epiphysis

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34
Q

_________ cartilage is smooth rubber cushion covering the epiphysis

A

Articular

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35
Q

______ is a strong membrane of fibrous tissue covering a long bone

A

Periosteum

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36
Q

______ membrane lines the Medullary cavity

A

Endosteum

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37
Q

What are the two major types of connective tissue ?

A

Bone and cartilage

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38
Q

What are the two types of bone tissue ?

A

Compact bone and spongy bone ( cancellous )

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39
Q

_________ bone contains MANY SPACES and is filled with red and yellow marrow

A

Spongy bone (cancellous)

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40
Q

_______ is a hard bone that DOES NOT contain spaces

A

Compact Bone

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41
Q

______ made of structural unit of compact bone tissue also referred as the “HAVERSION SYSTEM“

A

Osteon

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42
Q

Referred to as “BONE FORMING CELL“

A

Osteoblast

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43
Q

Referred to as “ BONE DISSOLVING CELL“

A

Osteoclast

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44
Q

Referred to as “ INACTIVE BONE CELL“

A

Ostecyte

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45
Q

_____ is A bone disease where there is excessive loss of calcified matrix

A

Osteoporosis

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46
Q

_____ a tubelike passage at the CENTER OF A STRUCTURE

A

Central canal

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47
Q

______ a ring of calcified matrix surrounding harversian canal

A

Concentric lamella

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48
Q

______ canal that is referred to as the “ COMMUNICATING CANAL “ aka volkmann canal

A

Transverse

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49
Q

______ is referred to as “ SPACE/ CAVITY “

A

Lacunae

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50
Q

____ narrow tubular passage or channel in compact bone

A

Canaliculi

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51
Q

_____ bone that form “ HARD SHELLS“ of a bone ( chicken bone )

A

Compact bone

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52
Q

————- “ CYLINDRICAL UNIT “

A

Osteons

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53
Q

What bone tissue is constructed of thing bony branches

A

Cancellous (spongy) bone

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54
Q

_____ tissue structure consist of firm gel fibers and flexible firm plastic

A

Cartilage

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55
Q

_______ is also called cartilage cells

A

Chrondrocytes

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56
Q

Are there blood vessels in cartilage tissue ?

A

No

57
Q

_______ tissue rebuils itself slowly after an injury

A

Cartilage

58
Q

__________ ossification is the process where bones are formed from cartilage models

A

Endrochondral

59
Q

The “ SOFT SPOTS “ on a newborn baby’s skull are

A

Fontanels

60
Q

_________ ossification is a process where FLAT BONES are formed in connective tissue

A

Intramembranous

61
Q

_______ is needed for the bone to continue to grow “ GROWTH PLATE“

A

Epiphyseal Plate

62
Q

How many cranial bones are there ?

A

8

63
Q

how many facial bones are there ?

A

14

64
Q

How many tiny bones in the middle ear ?

A

6

65
Q

What are the two major divisions of the skeleton ?

A

Appendicular and axial

66
Q

What bone parts are in the axial skeleton ?

A

Skull
Hyoid
Spine
Thorax

67
Q

what bones form the appendicular skeleton ?

A

Arms and legs ( upper/ lower extremities )

68
Q

How many bones are in the skeleton ?

A

206

69
Q

Cranial, ear, facial, vertebrae, ribs, sternum and hyoid are in what skeleton division ?

A

Axial

70
Q

Wrist, hand, arm, shoulder, pelvic, thigh, ankle and foot bones are in what skeleton division ?

A

Appendicular

71
Q

How many axial bones are in the skeleton ?

A

80

72
Q

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton ?

A

126

73
Q

What are the cranial bones ?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

74
Q

These are _______ bones
Nasal
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Mandible
Lacrimal
Palatine
Vomer
Inferior nasal concha

A

Facial

75
Q

Malleus, incus and stapes are what kind of bones ?

A

Ear

76
Q

What bone does not join with another bone and is “ U shaped “

A

Hyoid

77
Q

What skeleton are these terms apart of __________ what part of the skeleton are these…
Clavicle
Scapula
Humorous
Radius
Ulna
Carpal
Metacarpal
Phalanges

A

Appendicular and upper extremities

78
Q

These bones apart of which skeleton division and what extremity
Coxal
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsal
Metatarsals
Phalanges

A

Appendicular and Lower

79
Q

What skeleton division these are apart of and part ?
Sternum
Ribs

A

Axial and thorax

80
Q

The vertebrae bones is apart of which skeleton division ?
Cervical
Throracc
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx

A

Axial

81
Q

Paranasal Sinuses are apart of what cavity ?

A

Frontal
Maxilla
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

82
Q

Spaces/ cavities in cranial bones

A

Sinuses

83
Q

Immovable joints are called

A

Suctures

84
Q

How many bones are in the vertebrae column ?

A

24

85
Q

The axis and atlas is apart of the

A

Vertebrae

86
Q

The two terms of the side of the spine

A

Thoracic and sacral curves

87
Q

______ curvature rounds outward

A

Convex

88
Q

________ this curvature curves inward

A

Concave

89
Q

The two terms for the STRAIGHT part of the spine are

A

Cervical and lumbar

90
Q

A continuous convex curve is the _________ curvature

A

Primary

91
Q

The cervicaland lumbar curvatures are the ________ curatures

A

Secondary

92
Q

_______ ribs attatch the sternum

A

True ribs

93
Q

———— ribs DO NOT attatch directly to the sternum

A

False

94
Q

What are the 4 types of ribs ?

A

Floating
True
False
Sternum

95
Q

What are the 3 types of joints ?

A

Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis

96
Q

Which joints have no movement ?

A

Synarthrosis

97
Q

Which joints have slight movement ?

A

Amphiathrosis

98
Q

which joints are freely moveable ?

A

Diarthrosis

99
Q

What are the 6 types of joints are ___________ joints ?

Hinge
Ball and socket
Pivot
Glinding
Saddle
Condyloid

A

Diarthrosis

100
Q

Cords or bands of strong fibrous connective tissue as the JOINT CAPSULE

A

ligaments

101
Q

Which joint includes su turns between skull bones ?

A

Synarthrosis

102
Q

Which joint is made by cartilage ?

A

Amphiarthrosis

103
Q

Which joint type contains the joint capsule, cavity layer ligament and layer of smooth cartilage ?

A

Diarthrosis

104
Q

______ fliud acts as lubricant and cushion

A

Synovial

105
Q

Bending of the elbow is _____ and _____ the angle joint

A

Flexion and decrease

106
Q

______ straightening a bent elbow and ______ the angle joint

A

Extension and increase

107
Q

Flexion and extension is an example of what diarthrosis joint ?

A

Hinge joint

108
Q

______ Rotating a joint spins at one bone relative to another

A

Rotation

109
Q

Rotation is an example of what type of diarthrosis joint ?

A

Pivot joint

110
Q

_____ a joint moves the DISTAL end of the bone in a circle while the proximal part is stable

A

Circumducting

111
Q

Circumducting is an example of what kind of diadthrosis joint ?

A

Ball and socket

112
Q

_____ move a part away from midline and _____ the angle joint

A

Abduction and increases

113
Q

Abduction is a ________ diarthrosis joint ?

A

Condyloid joint

114
Q

_______ move a part towards the midline and ______ the angle joint

A

Adduction and decreases

115
Q

Adduction is a _______ diarthrosis joint ?

A

Condyloid joint

116
Q

_____ the term that goes UP the vertebrae

A

Acending

117
Q

______ the term that goes DOWN the vertebrae

A

Decending

118
Q

Shoulder and hip are what type of diarthrosis joints ?

A

Ball and socket

119
Q

The elbow and knee is what diarthrosis joint

A

Hinge joint

120
Q

Head and neck are what type of diarthrosis joint ?

A

Pivot

121
Q

Superior and inferior articulating process is what type of diarthrosis joint ?

A

Glinding

122
Q

The distal end of the radius / carpal bones (bones that condyle) are an example of which diarthrosis joint ?

A

Condyloid joint

123
Q

_______ is the thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis

A

Articular cartilage

124
Q

Shin bone is the

A

Ulna

125
Q

Bones in the palm of your hands

A

Carpals

126
Q

The heel bone

A

Calcaneus

127
Q

The bone that runs along forearm

A

Humerus

128
Q

Need like threads of spongy bone

A

Trabeculae

129
Q

Fibers embedded in a firm gel

A

Cartilage

130
Q

Outer covering of bone

A

Periosteum

131
Q

Porous bone

A

Spongy bone

132
Q

Dense bone tissue

A

Compact

133
Q

Ring of bone

A

Lamellae

134
Q

Connect lacunae

A

Canaliculi

135
Q

The 27 bones in the wrist and hand allow more

A

Dexterity

136
Q

In a child there are 5 of these bones that fuse into one as a adult

A

Sacrum

137
Q

The spinal cord enters the cranium through a large hole one the _______ bone

A

Occipital

138
Q

When a baby learns to stand the ______ are of the spine becomes concave

A

Lumbar

139
Q

The mastoid process is a part of the _____ bone

A

Temporal

Anatomy & Physicology (15 decks)

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