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Anatomy & Physicology > Chapter 9 : Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 9 : Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The two principal divisions that make up the nervous system are the

A

Peripheral and central

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2
Q

The two types of cells found in the nervous system are

A

Neurons and glia cells

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3
Q

The part of the neuron that carries impulses to the neuron cell body is the

A

Dendrite

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4
Q

The part of the neuron that carries impulses away from the neuron cell body is the

A

Axon

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5
Q

The types of neurons that carry impulses to the brain and spinal cord are called

A

Sensory neurons

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6
Q

The type of neurons that carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord are called

A
  • Motor neurons
    -efferent neurons
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7
Q

Interneurons

A

A neuron which transmits impulses between other neurons (part of a reflex)

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8
Q

Cells that produce myelin for the cells of the brain and spinal cord are the

A

oligodendrocytes

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9
Q

Cells that are important in the blood-brain barrier are the

A

Astrocytes

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10
Q

Cells that produce myelin for cells outside the brain and spinal cord are the

A

Schwann cells

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11
Q

Glia cells that act as microbe- eating cells are the

A

Microglia

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12
Q

The tough fibrous health covering the whole nerve is called the

A

Epineurium

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13
Q

Reflexes can be …

A
  • Two neurons
  • three neurons
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14
Q

A synapse is

A
  • A gap between neurons
  • Crossed by a chemical
  • separates the a on end of one neuron from the dendrite of the next
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15
Q

The difference between a three and two neuron reflex is that a three neuron reflex…

A

Includes an interneuron

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16
Q

The resting neuron

A

Has a slight positive change on the exterior

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17
Q

When a section of the resting neuron is stimulated

A
  • Sodium ions rush into the cell
  • The interior of the cell becomes slightly positive
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18
Q

When the nerve impulse encounters a myelin- covered section of neuron

A

it jumps over the myelin

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19
Q

A synapse includes

A

a very narrow synaptic cleft

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20
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

can diffuse back into the synaptic knob

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21
Q

The brainstem includes the

A

pons, midbrain, and medulla oblongata

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22
Q

The ―vital centers‖ (the cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers) are located in the

A

medulla oblongata

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23
Q

The association of sensation with emotion occurs in the

A

thalamus

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24
Q

The regulation of the sleep cycle, water balance, and the production of antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) occurs in the

A

hypothalamus

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25
Q

The coordination of muscle movement and the maintenance of equilibrium occur in the

A

cerebellum

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26
Q

Which of the following neurotransmitter is a catecholamine?

A

Dopamine

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27
Q

The right and left sides of the cerebrum are connected by the

A

corpus callosum

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28
Q

A cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurring in the occipital lobe of the cerebrum would
affect

A

vision

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29
Q

The ridges in the cerebrum are called

A

gyri

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30
Q

The functions of the spinal cord include

A

the primary reflex center

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31
Q

The tough outer layer of meninges is called the

A

dura mater

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32
Q

The autonomic nervous system consists of neurons that conduct impulses from the central
nervous system to

A
  • cardiac muscle
  • smooth muscle
  • glandular tissue
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33
Q

Which axon releases norepinephrine?

A

A sympathetic postganglionic axon

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34
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system

A

releases acetylcholine from its postganglionic axons

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35
Q

The sympathetic nervous system

A
  • is called the thoracolumbar system
  • releases norepinephrine from its preganglionic axon
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36
Q

The axon of an afferent neuron could synapse with

A

an interneuron

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37
Q

An axon of an efferent neuron could synapse with

A

a muscle cell

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38
Q

An efferent neuron carries impulses in the direction opposite that of

A
  • a sensory neuron
  • an afferent neuron
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39
Q

Going from the interior to the exterior of a nerve, the layers of connective tissue would be

A

endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium

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40
Q

Which of the following is a morphinelike neurotransmitter that acts as a natural pain killer?

A

Endorphin

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41
Q

Which structure is part of the diencephalon?

A

Hypothalamus

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42
Q

Which of the following is a function of the thalamus?

A

Associates sensation with emotion

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43
Q

The lobe of the brain that deals with vision is the

A

occipital lobe

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44
Q

The lobe of the brain that contains the auditory area is the

A

temporal lobe

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45
Q

The somatic nervous system controls actions of

A

skeletal muscles

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46
Q

A group of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system is called a

A

ganglion

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47
Q

Which nervous system makes up part of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

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48
Q

Postganglionic neurons release acetylcholine as part of which nervous system?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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49
Q

Which is also called the thoracolumbar nervous system?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

50
Q

In which nervous system does the synapse between the preganglionic and postganglionic
neurons usually occur some distance away from the spinal cord?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

51
Q

As part of which nervous system do preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic
neurons going to many different efferent organs?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

52
Q

As part of which nervous system do preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine?

A

Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

53
Q

Which nervous system dominates the control of effector organs under normal, everyday
conditions?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

54
Q

In which nervous system does the synapse of the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons
usually occur close to the spinal cord?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

55
Q

As part of which nervous system do postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

56
Q

Which nervous system is also called the craniosacral nervous system?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

57
Q

The nervous system and this are the two body-wide communication systems

A

Endocrine

58
Q

Which of the following is not considered part of the nervous system as a whole?

A

-The brain
-The spinal cord
-The eyes

59
Q

These types of neurons are sometimes called connecting neurons

A

interneurons

60
Q

Indentations between adjacent Schwann cells are called

A

the nodes of Ranvier

61
Q

The word glia comes from the Greek word meaning

A

glue

62
Q

A glioma is

A

a type of tumor

63
Q

Myelinated bundles of axons in the central nervous system are called

A

-tracts
-white matter

64
Q

A nerve is

A

a group of axons

65
Q

A nerve impulse is also called a(n)

A

action potential

66
Q

Which of the following is not true of the cerebellum?

A

It has gray matter tracts in its interior called the arbor vitae

67
Q

This neurotransmitter is not a catecholamine

A

acetylcholine

68
Q

Some of the neurons in this structure function as endocrine glands

A

hypothalamus

69
Q

In the cerebrum, the islands of gray matter within the white matter are called the

A
  • cerebral basal nuclei
  • basal ganglia
70
Q

The innermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord is called the

A

pia mater

71
Q

The middle membrane covering the brain and spinal cord is called the

A

arachnoid mater

72
Q

The total number of pairs of both spinal and cranial nerves is

A

43

73
Q

Synaptic Knob

A

Part of the axon that releases neurotransmitters

74
Q

Dendrite

A

Highly branched part of the neuron that carries impulses toward the cell body

75
Q

Microglia

A

Microbe eaters in the brain

76
Q

Interneuron

A

Connects sensory and motor neurons in a reflex arc

77
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Small space between the end of one axon and the next neuron

78
Q

Serotonin

A

Neurotransmitter that is a catecholamine

79
Q

Axon

A

Part of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body

80
Q

Schwann cell

A

Cells that produce myelin for cells in the peripheral nervous system

81
Q

Astrocyte

A

Cells that function in the blood-brain barrier

82
Q

Enkephalins

A

Neurotransmitter that functions as a natural pain killer

83
Q

Cell body

A

Main part of the neuron

84
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

Type of nerve impulse that jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next

85
Q

Efferent neurons

A

Type of neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the central nervous system

86
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

Glia cell that produces myelin for the central nervous system

87
Q

Afferent neuron

A

Type of neuron that carries nerve impulses toward the central nervous system

88
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Carries a nerve impulse across a synapse

89
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Indentations in between Schwann cells

90
Q

Cerebellum

A

Structure that controls balance and muscle coordination

91
Q

Brainstem

A

Structure that contains the ―vital centers‖ for the body

92
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Structure that allows the right and left sides of the brain to communicate

93
Q

Sulcus

A

Shallow groove in the cerebrum

94
Q

Spinal cord

A

Primary reflex center for the body

95
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Structure that regulates body temperature and produces ADH

96
Q

Gyrus

A

Ridge in the cerebrum

97
Q

Thalamus

A

Structure that links sensation with emotion and is part of the alerting mechanism for the brain

98
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Lobe of the cerebrum that interprets incoming auditory impulses as sound

99
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Lobe of the cerebrum that deals with vision

100
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Group of nerves that connect the right and left sides of the brain

101
Q

Dermatome

A

Skin surface that is supplied by a single spinal nerve

102
Q

Dura mater

A

Outermost and toughest of the meninges

103
Q

Spinal nerves

A

31 pairs of these make up part of the peripheral nervous system

104
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

'’Cobweb’’ like part of the meninges

105
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Regulates the ―fight-or-flight‖ response

106
Q

Pia mater

A

Thin innermost layer of the meninges

107
Q

Cranial nerves

A

12 pairs of these make up part of the peripheral nervous system

108
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter that is released from the postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic
nervous system

109
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Sometimes called the craniosacral nervous system

110
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Neurotransmitter that is released from the postganglionic axon or the sympathetic nervous
system

111
Q

Accessory

A

Shoulder movement and turning movement of the head

112
Q

Trochlear

A

Eye movement

113
Q

Olfactory

A

Sense of smell

114
Q

Facial

A

Sense of taste, contraction of muscles of facial expression

115
Q

Hypoglossal

A

Tongue movements

116
Q

Optic

A

Sense of vision

117
Q

Trigeminal

A

Sensations of face, scalp, and teeth; chewing movements

118
Q

Vestibulocochlear

A

Hearing and sense of balance

119
Q

Glossopharyngeal

A

Sensations of throat, taste, swallowing movements, secretion of saliva

120
Q

Vagus

A

Sensations of throat and larynx and of thoracic and abdominal organs; swallowing, voice
production, slowing of heartbeat, acceleration of peristalsis

Anatomy & Physicology (15 decks)

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