Chapter 9 : Nervous System Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
The two principal divisions that make up the nervous system are the
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Peripheral and central
2
Q
The two types of cells found in the nervous system are
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Neurons and glia cells
3
Q
The part of the neuron that carries impulses to the neuron cell body is the
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Dendrite
4
Q
The part of the neuron that carries impulses away from the neuron cell body is the
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Axon
5
Q
The types of neurons that carry impulses to the brain and spinal cord are called
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Sensory neurons
6
Q
The type of neurons that carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord are called
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- Motor neurons
-efferent neurons
7
Q
Interneurons
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A neuron which transmits impulses between other neurons (part of a reflex)
8
Q
Cells that produce myelin for the cells of the brain and spinal cord are the
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oligodendrocytes
9
Q
Cells that are important in the blood-brain barrier are the
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Astrocytes
10
Q
Cells that produce myelin for cells outside the brain and spinal cord are the
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Schwann cells
11
Q
Glia cells that act as microbe- eating cells are the
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Microglia
12
Q
The tough fibrous health covering the whole nerve is called the
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Epineurium
13
Q
Reflexes can be …
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- Two neurons
- three neurons
14
Q
A synapse is
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- A gap between neurons
- Crossed by a chemical
- separates the a on end of one neuron from the dendrite of the next
15
Q
The difference between a three and two neuron reflex is that a three neuron reflex…
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Includes an interneuron
16
Q
The resting neuron
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Has a slight positive change on the exterior
17
Q
When a section of the resting neuron is stimulated
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- Sodium ions rush into the cell
- The interior of the cell becomes slightly positive
18
Q
When the nerve impulse encounters a myelin- covered section of neuron
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it jumps over the myelin
19
Q
A synapse includes
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a very narrow synaptic cleft
20
Q
Neurotransmitters
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can diffuse back into the synaptic knob
21
Q
The brainstem includes the
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pons, midbrain, and medulla oblongata
22
Q
The ―vital centers‖ (the cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers) are located in the
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medulla oblongata
23
Q
The association of sensation with emotion occurs in the
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thalamus
24
Q
The regulation of the sleep cycle, water balance, and the production of antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) occurs in the
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hypothalamus
25
The coordination of muscle movement and the maintenance of equilibrium occur in the
cerebellum
26
Which of the following neurotransmitter is a catecholamine?
Dopamine
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The right and left sides of the cerebrum are connected by the
corpus callosum
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A cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurring in the occipital lobe of the cerebrum would
affect
vision
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The ridges in the cerebrum are called
gyri
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The functions of the spinal cord include
the primary reflex center
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The tough outer layer of meninges is called the
dura mater
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The autonomic nervous system consists of neurons that conduct impulses from the central
nervous system to
- cardiac muscle
- smooth muscle
- glandular tissue
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Which axon releases norepinephrine?
A sympathetic postganglionic axon
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The parasympathetic nervous system
releases acetylcholine from its postganglionic axons
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The sympathetic nervous system
- is called the thoracolumbar system
- releases norepinephrine from its preganglionic axon
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The axon of an afferent neuron could synapse with
an interneuron
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An axon of an efferent neuron could synapse with
a muscle cell
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An efferent neuron carries impulses in the direction opposite that of
- a sensory neuron
- an afferent neuron
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Going from the interior to the exterior of a nerve, the layers of connective tissue would be
endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium
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Which of the following is a morphinelike neurotransmitter that acts as a natural pain killer?
Endorphin
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Which structure is part of the diencephalon?
Hypothalamus
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Which of the following is a function of the thalamus?
Associates sensation with emotion
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The lobe of the brain that deals with vision is the
occipital lobe
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The lobe of the brain that contains the auditory area is the
temporal lobe
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The somatic nervous system controls actions of
skeletal muscles
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A group of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system is called a
ganglion
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Which nervous system makes up part of the autonomic nervous system?
Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
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Postganglionic neurons release acetylcholine as part of which nervous system?
Parasympathetic nervous system
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Which is also called the thoracolumbar nervous system?
Sympathetic nervous system
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In which nervous system does the synapse between the preganglionic and postganglionic
neurons usually occur some distance away from the spinal cord?
Parasympathetic nervous system
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As part of which nervous system do preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic
neurons going to many different efferent organs?
Sympathetic nervous system
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As part of which nervous system do preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine?
Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
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Which nervous system dominates the control of effector organs under normal, everyday
conditions?
Parasympathetic nervous system
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In which nervous system does the synapse of the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons
usually occur close to the spinal cord?
Sympathetic nervous system
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As part of which nervous system do postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine?
Sympathetic nervous system
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Which nervous system is also called the craniosacral nervous system?
Parasympathetic nervous system
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The nervous system and this are the two body-wide communication systems
Endocrine
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Which of the following is not considered part of the nervous system as a whole?
-The brain
-The spinal cord
-The eyes
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These types of neurons are sometimes called connecting neurons
interneurons
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Indentations between adjacent Schwann cells are called
the nodes of Ranvier
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The word glia comes from the Greek word meaning
glue
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A glioma is
a type of tumor
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Myelinated bundles of axons in the central nervous system are called
-tracts
-white matter
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A nerve is
a group of axons
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A nerve impulse is also called a(n)
action potential
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Which of the following is not true of the cerebellum?
It has gray matter tracts in its interior called the arbor vitae
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This neurotransmitter is not a catecholamine
acetylcholine
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Some of the neurons in this structure function as endocrine glands
hypothalamus
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In the cerebrum, the islands of gray matter within the white matter are called the
- cerebral basal nuclei
- basal ganglia
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The innermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord is called the
pia mater
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The middle membrane covering the brain and spinal cord is called the
arachnoid mater
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The total number of pairs of both spinal and cranial nerves is
43
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Synaptic Knob
Part of the axon that releases neurotransmitters
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Dendrite
Highly branched part of the neuron that carries impulses toward the cell body
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Microglia
Microbe eaters in the brain
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Interneuron
Connects sensory and motor neurons in a reflex arc
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Synaptic cleft
Small space between the end of one axon and the next neuron
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Serotonin
Neurotransmitter that is a catecholamine
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Axon
Part of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body
80
Schwann cell
Cells that produce myelin for cells in the peripheral nervous system
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Astrocyte
Cells that function in the blood-brain barrier
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Enkephalins
Neurotransmitter that functions as a natural pain killer
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Cell body
Main part of the neuron
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Saltatory conduction
Type of nerve impulse that jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next
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Efferent neurons
Type of neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the central nervous system
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Oligodendrocyte
Glia cell that produces myelin for the central nervous system
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Afferent neuron
Type of neuron that carries nerve impulses toward the central nervous system
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Neurotransmitter
Carries a nerve impulse across a synapse
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Nodes of Ranvier
Indentations in between Schwann cells
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Cerebellum
Structure that controls balance and muscle coordination
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Brainstem
Structure that contains the ―vital centers‖ for the body
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Corpus callosum
Structure that allows the right and left sides of the brain to communicate
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Sulcus
Shallow groove in the cerebrum
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Spinal cord
Primary reflex center for the body
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Hypothalamus
Structure that regulates body temperature and produces ADH
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Gyrus
Ridge in the cerebrum
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Thalamus
Structure that links sensation with emotion and is part of the alerting mechanism for the brain
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Temporal lobe
Lobe of the cerebrum that interprets incoming auditory impulses as sound
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Occipital lobe
Lobe of the cerebrum that deals with vision
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Corpus callosum
Group of nerves that connect the right and left sides of the brain
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Dermatome
Skin surface that is supplied by a single spinal nerve
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Dura mater
Outermost and toughest of the meninges
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Spinal nerves
31 pairs of these make up part of the peripheral nervous system
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Arachnoid mater
''Cobweb'' like part of the meninges
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Sympathetic nervous system
Regulates the ―fight-or-flight‖ response
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Pia mater
Thin innermost layer of the meninges
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Cranial nerves
12 pairs of these make up part of the peripheral nervous system
108
Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter that is released from the postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic
nervous system
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Parasympathetic nervous system
Sometimes called the craniosacral nervous system
110
Norepinephrine
Neurotransmitter that is released from the postganglionic axon or the sympathetic nervous
system
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Accessory
Shoulder movement and turning movement of the head
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Trochlear
Eye movement
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Olfactory
Sense of smell
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Facial
Sense of taste, contraction of muscles of facial expression
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Hypoglossal
Tongue movements
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Optic
Sense of vision
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Trigeminal
Sensations of face, scalp, and teeth; chewing movements
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Vestibulocochlear
Hearing and sense of balance
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Glossopharyngeal
Sensations of throat, taste, swallowing movements, secretion of saliva
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Vagus
Sensations of throat and larynx and of thoracic and abdominal organs; swallowing, voice
production, slowing of heartbeat, acceleration of peristalsis
