Exam 3 Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
The term that secrete products INTO DUCTS that empty onto a surface or into a cavity
A
Exocrine Gland
2
Q
The term that are DUCTLESS glands and secrete hormones
A
Endocrine Gland
3
Q
The term that refers “ Too Little Hormone”
A
Hyposecretion
4
Q
the term that refers “Too Much Hormone”
A
Hypersecretion
5
Q
which gland is responsible for sweat glands, Salivary glands (Lymp nodes)
A
Exocrine Gland
6
Q
what are the two major classes of hormones ?
A
Non-steroid and Steroid
7
Q
The FEEDBACK that Reverses the direction in physiological system
(tries to maintain HOMEOSTATIC FEEDBACK
A
Negative Feedback
8
Q
The FEEDBACK that Amplifyes physiological changes rather than reverse them
(contractions)
A
Positive Feedback
9
Q
the term that is the liquid portion of blood
A
Plasma
10
Q
The term with NO nuclei
A
Erythrocytes
11
Q
The term that refers to ‘‘HEMATOPOIESIS’’
A
Myeloid Tissue
12
Q
The term that refers to “The RBC volume”
A
Hematocrit
13
Q
The term with WBCs and Platelets
A
Buffycoat
14
Q
The term that refers to Allergy protection
A
Eosinophils
15
Q
Abnormally high WBC count
A
Leukocytosis
16
Q
Abnormally high RBC count
A
Polycythemia
17
Q
Abnormally LOW WBC count
A
Leukopenia
18
Q
the term that refers to a “CLUMP”
A
Agglutinate
19
Q
what are the 2 primary functions of blood ?
A
Transportation and Protection
20
Q
what cavity is the heart located in ?
A
Thoracic cavity
21
Q
1/3 of the heart is on the ______ halve
A
right
22
Q
2/3 of the heart is on the _______ halve
A
left
23
Q
The heart is a _________ organ shape
A
Triangular
24
Q
what is the size of the heart ?
A
size of a closed fists
25
where is the heart located BETWEEN ?
the lungs and mediastum (sternum)
26
the _______ system that supplies body transportation needs
( organ system that inlcudes heart and lungs)
cardiovascular system
27
the _____ system that supplies transportation for the cells of the body
(cardiovascular and lymphatic vessels)
circulatory system
28
The body's defense system against disease
Immune system
29
A system that moves FLUIDS and large molecules from the tissue spaces and lipid nutrients from the digestive system to the blood
Lymphatic system
30
______ a fluid formed in tissue spaces that returns excess fluid and protein molecules to back to the circulatory system
Lymph
31
Blood plasma that has filtered out of capillaries into microscopic spaces between cells is called
______
Interstital Fluid
32
The network of tiny bind-ended tubes distuributed in the tissue spaces
Lymphatic cappillaries
33
Lymph empties into which 2 terminal vessels ?
right lymphatic duct and thoratic duct
34
the thoratic duct has an enlarged pouchlike strcuture called _____
cisterna chylia
35
Lymph is filtered by moving through _____ _______, located in clusters along the pathway of lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes
36
lymph ENTERS the node through _____
" carry toward"
AFFERENT lymph vessels
37
lymph EXITS the node through ________
"carry away from"
EFFERENT lymph vessels
38
type of white blood cells ( B & T)
lymphocyte
39
largest lymphatic vessel in the body
thoratic duct
40
spleen, tonsils, thymus and lymph nodes are what _____ organs
Lmphoid
41
small lymphoid tissue organ located in the mediastinum extending to the midline of neck and largest at puberty
Thymus
42
- development of T cells
-secretes hormones ( thymosins)
-replaced by fat (involution)
Thymus
43
located in proctective ring under mucous membrane in the mouth and back of throat
-help protect against bacteria in the nasal and oral cavites
Tonsils
44
the tonsils on each side ________
palatine tonsils
45
swollen tonsils that lie in posterior opening of nasal cavity
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
46
base of the tongue
longual tonsils
47
enlargement of _______ tonsils cause difficulty breathing
pharyngeal
48
largest lymphoid organ in the body
serves as a reservior of blood
detroys worn out red blood cells
spleen
49
general protection against a wide array of pathogens and chemicals " first reponders"
Nonspecific immunity
50
The response to threatening organisms and toxins "newly adapted enemies"
adaptive immunity
51
" immunization'' vaccination results in activation of immune system and long-term protection
Artifical- Active exposture
52
substance that is introduced into the body, causes formation of antibodies against it
Antigen
53
-neutralize toxins
-clump or agglutinate enemy cells
-promote phagocytosis
Antigen
54
chemicals released from cells to act as direct agents of nonspecific immunity (innate)
cytokines
55
also known as antibody- mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
56
process of changing molecule shape slightly to expose binding sites
complement cascade
57
small protein compound that plays a significant role in producing innate immunity against viral infections
interferon
58
inactive proteins in blood
complement
59
the most numerous cells of the immune system are ...
lymphocytes
60
what occurs in the second stage of B cell development
activated B cells
61
what occurs last in the immune process ?
antibodies
62
moderate exercise ______
increases wbc
63
______ is apart of the cell membrane of B cells
antibodies
64
_______ B cells have one specific kind of defense mechanism on their cell membrane
immature
65
activation of b cell depends on the B cell coming in contact with____
Antigens
66
______ cells produce the large numbers of antibodies
Plasma
67
___ cells function to produce cell- mediated immunity
T
68
___ cells function indirectly to produce humoral immunity
B
69
HIV is associated with ___ cells
T
70
these terms are associated with what term
-neutrophils
-monocytes
-macrophages
-dendritic cells
phagocyte
71
ingestion and digestion of microorganisms or other small particles
phagocytosis
72
these terms are associated with what term
- Natural killer cells
-B Lymphocytes
-T Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes
73
short- lived phagocytic cells; most abundant type of immune cell
Neutrophils
74
develop into phagocytic macrophages and migrate to tissues
Monocytes
75
often found at or near external surfaces
Dendritic cells
76
before birth B cells takes place ________
liver and bone marrow
77
In adults B cells takes place only in _____
bone marrow
78
release substances that kill infected cells
cytotoxic T cells
79
invovles T cells inactivating and killing specific pathogens
cell- mediated immunity
80
involves antibodies produced against specific antigens to activate them
antibody- mediated immunity
81
suppress/ shut down the immune response after the antigen has been destroyed
regulatory T cells
82
release compounds that produce antibodies, phagocytosis and promote the inflammatory response ( helps in the process of B cells)
Helper T cells
83
redness, pain and swelling describe which immune response ...
inflammatory
84
two functions of the lymphatic system ?
fluid balance and immunity
85
which type of immunity is obtained through immunity ?
adaptive
86
how much blood volume does adult have ?
4-6 L of blood
87
what are the formed elements of blood ?
RBC, WBC, Platelet
88
conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is the final step in the ____ formation
clot
89
what percentage of water is in plasma ?
91%
90
what areas are myeloid tissue located in ?
-hips
-ribs
-sternum
91
what substance is responsible for red pigmentation ?
hemoglobin
92
______ is 95% of dry weight of each red blood cell
Hemoglobin
93
_____ is the 45% of blood volume
hematocrit
94
_____ is found in gases, albumin, prothrombin
plasma
95
which WBC would elevate after a client experiences an allergic reaction ?
Basophils
96
narrowing of the blood vessel to stop bleeding in the clotting process
Vasoconstriction
97
a blood clot that travels to the lungs and cause blockage
embolism
98
-the granulocyte that is most mobile and phagocytic
-numbers increase during bacterial infections
neutrophils
99
which blood types have the Rh factor ?
A+ , O+ , AB+
100
Regulation of allergic reactions describe what term
eosinophils
101
monocyte and neutrophil are associated with _______
phagocytosis
102
what cell secretes antibodies
lymphocyte
103
erythocytes is another name for
RBC
104
leukocytes is another name for
WBC
105
which WBC
- promotes inflammation
-secrete heparin ( an anticoagulant)
- related to mast cells in tissue spaces
basophils
106
which WBC
-weak phagocyte
-active against parasites and parasitic worms
-involved in allergic reactions
Eosinophils
107
what are these cells ?
basophils
eosinphils
neutrophils
Granulocytes
108
what term are these cells ?
monocytes
lymphotyes
anti-granulocytes
109
what stem cells are blood forming cells that can be harvested from a donor or transplanted
Hematopoietic stem cells
110
which disease develops in a mother's RH antibodies reacting with a RH- positive baby
Erythroblastosis fetalis
111
blood type is indentified based on what substance ?
antigens on a RED BLOOD CELL
112
inability of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen to the body
anemia
113
normal percentage range of neutrophils in WBC
65- 75 %
114
a decrease in WBC
Leukopenia
