Chapter 1a : Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeleton?

Answer 1

. Support
. Protection
. Movement
. Structural shape and points for attachment
. Mineral storage
. Blood cell reproduction

Question 2

How does the the skeleton SUPPORT the body?

Answer 2

Bones keep us upright and hold muscles in place

Question 3

How does the skeleton PROTECT the body?

Answer 3

It surrounds and protects vital organs from damage.
(mainly flat bones)

Question 4

What do FLAT BONES do in the body?

Answer 4

Offer protection to major organs

Question 5

What do the LONG BONES do in the body?

Answer 5

Long bones support the weight of the body and help with gross movements.

Question 6

What do SHORT BONES do in the body?

Answer 6

Used for short, precise movements (bones in the fingers/metacarpals)

Question 7

What do IRREGULAR BONES do in the body?

Answer 7

Important for structure and stability, and helps protect the spinal cord (as it is found in the vertebrae)

Question 8

How does the skeleton help with MOVEMENT?

Answer 8

Muscles contract to pull the bone of the body

Question 9

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 9

It carries oxygen to the muscles

Question 10

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 10

It fights infections

Question 11

Where are red and white blood cells produced?

Answer 11

Produced in the inner marrow of the long bones and ribs.

Question 12

What is a joint?

Answer 12

Place where two or more bones meet

Question 13

What is a synovial joint?

Answer 13

Type of joint commonly found in the limbs; contains a synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid.

Question 14

What is the cartilage?

Answer 14

It covers the end of the bones, providing a smooth, friction-free surface

Question 15

What is synovial fluid?

Answer 15

Produced by the synovial membrane to lubricate the joint.

Question 16

What is a capsule?

Answer 16

Tough fibrous tissue - surrounds synovial joints; usually supported by ligaments.

Question 17

What are ligaments?

Answer 17

They join bone to a bone.

Question 18

What is a dislocation?

Answer 18

When the bones of a joint separate from their normal position.

Question 19

What is a bursae?

Answer 19

A fluid-filled bag that helps reduce friction in a joint.

Question 20

What is a tendon?

Answer 20

Attaches muscles to a bone.

Question 21

What is a hinge joint?

Answer 21

A joint that allows flexion and extension.

Question 22

What is flexion?

Answer 22

A Movement where the angle between bones reduces.

Question 23

What is extension?

Answer 23

Movement where the angle between bones increases.

Question 24

What is a vertebrae?

Answer 24

Bones that form the spine or backbone.

Question 25

What is a ball and socket joint?

Answer 25

A joint that allows many movements: flexion and extension; abduction and adduction; and rotation.

Question 26

What is range of movement?

Answer 26

A measure of the flexibility of a joint in terms of the different movements allowed.

Question 27

What is abduction?

Answer 27

Movement where limbs are moved away from the body.

Question 28

What is adduction?

Answer 28

Movement where limbs are moved back towards the body.

Question 29

What is rotation?

Answer 29

Turning a limb across it's long axis.

Question 30

What is the meniscus?

Answer 30

Cartilage acting as a shock absorber between the tibia and the femur in the knee joint.

Question 31

What are the cruciate ligaments?

Answer 31

Attaches tibia to femur in the knee joint.

Question 32

What is plantar flexion?

Answer 32

Movement at the ankle where toes are pointed towards the ground

Question 33

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 33

Movement at the ankle where the toes are pulled up towards the knee.

Question 34

What is circumduction?

Answer 34

A circular movement of a limb.