Chapter 2 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Edict of Nantes
Decree issued by the French crown
granting limited toleration to French Protestants. Ended religious wars in France and
inaugurated a period of French preeminence in Europe and across the Atlantic. Its repeal in
1685 prompted a fresh migration of Protestant Huguenots to North America.)
Hugetons
French Protestant dissenters, the Huguenots were granted limited toleration under the
Edict of Nantes. After King Louis XIV outlawed Protestantism in 1685, many Huguenots fled
elsewhere, including to British North America.
Coureur de bois
Translated as “runners of the woods,” they were French fur-trappers, also known as “voyageurs” (travelers), who established trading posts throughout North America. The fur trade wreaked havoc on the health and
folkways of their Native American trading partners.
Voyagers
Translated as “runners of the woods,” they
were French fur-trappers, also known as “voyageurs” (travelers), who established trading
posts throughout North America. The fur trade wreaked havoc on the health and folkways of
their Native American trading partners.
Protestant Reformation
Movement to LUO
reform the Catholic Church launched in Germany by Martin Luther. Reformers questioned
the authority of the Pope, sought to eliminate the selling of indulgences, and encouraged the translation of the Bible from Latin, which few at the time could read. The Reformation was launched in England in the 1530s when King Henry VIll broke with the Roman Catholic Church.
Roankoke island
is an island in Dare County, bordered by the Outer Banks of North Carolina, United States. It was named after the historical Roanoke, a Carolina Algonquian people who inhabited the area in the 16th century at the time of English colonization.
Spanish Armanda
Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel in 1588
The defeat of the Armada marked the beginning of the decline of the Spanish Empire.
Primogeniture
Legal principle that the oldest son inherits all
family property or land. Landowners’ younger sons, forced to seek their fortunes elsewhere,
pioneered early exploration and settlement of the Americas.
Joint-Stock Company
Short-term partnership between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise; such
arrangements were used to fund England’s early colonial ventures.
Virginia Compnay
English joint-stock company that
received a charter from King James I that allowed it to found the Virginia colony.
Charter
Legal document granted by a government to some group or agency to
implement a stated purpose and spelling out the attending rights and obligations. British
colonial charters guaranteed inhabitants all the rights of Englishmen, which helped solidify
colonists’ ties to Britain during the early years of settlement.
Jamestown
First permanent English settlement in North America founded by the Virginia Company.
First Anglo-Powhatan War
Series of clashes between the Powhatan Confederacy and English
settlers in Virginia. English colonists torched and pillaged Indian villages, applying tactics
used in England’s campaigns against the Irish.
Second Anglo-Powhatan War
Last-ditch effort by the Indians to dislodge Virginia settlements. The resulting peace treaty formally separated white and Indian areas of
settlement.
New Netherland
North American Dutch colony centered in New Amsterdam (now New York). Though prosperous, this colony was conquered and absorbed by the English.
Iroquois Confederacy
Bound together five tribes.- the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas in the Mohawk
Valley of what is now New York State.
John rolfe
John Rolfe was one of the early English settlers of North America. He is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia in 1611.
Sammuel de Champlan
Samuel de Champlain was a French colonist, navigator, cartographer, draftsman, soldier, explorer, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler. He made between 21 and 29 trips across the Atlantic Ocean, and founded Quebec, and New France, on 3 July 1608.
Captain John Smith
John Smith was an English soldier, explorer, colonial governor, Admiral of New England, and author. He played an important role in the establishment of the colony at Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in America, in the early 17th century.
Lord de la Warr
Earl De La Warr is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1761 for John West, 7th Baron De La Warr.
Pocahontas
Pocahontas was a Native American woman, belonging to the Powhatan people, notable for her association with the colonial settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. She was the daughter of Powhatan, the paramount chief of a network of tributary tribes in the Tsenacommacah, encompassing the Tidewater region of Virginia.
Elizabeth 1
The ‘Virgin Queen’ never married, but instead pledged her body to England itself. In 1588, when Spain threatened to invade, she made one of the most famous speeches in royal history to inspire her troops. God listened, and the Spanish Armada was defeated
Sir Francis Drake
Drake became the first Englishman to navigate the Straits of Magellan, a sea route at the southern tip of South America linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
