Chapter 33 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Executive Order No. 9066.
Unlike in WWI, there was almost no government witch-hunting of minority groups in WWII. The exception to this was when 110,000 Japanese-Americans on the Pacific Coast forced into concentration camps. This was authorized by Executive Order No. 9066. Washington feared that they might act as saboteurs for Japan in case of invasion.
Korematsu v. U.S.
The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the concentration camps in Korematsu v. U.S. (1944)
War Production Board
The Great Depression was completely ended with the inrush of military orders. Under the War Production Board (WPB), which oversaw U.S. war production, American factories produced an enormous amount of weaponry, such as guns and planes. The WPB stopped the manufacture of nonessential items, such as passenger cars.
Boards
he War Labor Board (WLB) imposed ceilings on wage increases. Unhappy with the wage ceilings, some labor unions called their members to go on strike. In June 1943, Congress passed the Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act. It authorized the federal government to operate industries that were under strike, like coal mines and railroads.
braceros
In 1942, thousands of Mexican agricultural workers, called braceros, were brought to America to harvest the farms of the West.
Women during ww2
The armed services enlisted nearly 216,000 women in WWII. Best known were the WAACs (army), WAVES (navy), and SPARs (Coast Guard). Although millions of women took jobs in factories, most women continued in their traditional household roles.
Code Talkers
Thousands of Native Americans served in the armed forces. Comanches in Europe and Navajos in the Pacific made valuable contributions as “code talkers,” in which they transmitted radio messages in their native languages (incomprehensible to the Axis powers).
Coral Sea
In May 1942, a crucial naval battle was fought in the Coral Sea between an American carrier task force, with Australian support, and a Japanese carrier task force. Although it suffered losses, the U.S. stopped the Japanese advancement. This was the first battle in which all the fighting was done by carrier-based aircraft.
Midway
On June 3-6, 1942, a naval battle was fought near Midway. If the Japanese took Midway, they would be able to directly launch attacks against Pearl Harbor. Admiral Chester W. Nimitz directed a smaller carrier force, under Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, against the powerful invading Japanese fleet. The Japanese retreated after losing 4 carriers. Midway was a turning point in the Pacific war. Combined with the Battle of Coral Sea, the U.S. success at Midway halted the Japanese.
Leapfroging
dead. So, rather than fighting for every island, the strategy was to take nearby islands and then lay siege to the surrounded islands. Admiral Chester Nimitz successfully coordinated naval, air, and ground assaults in the Pacific.
Battle of the Atlantic
The Battle of the Atlantic was fought between the German’s modern fleet of submarine U-Boats and Allied shipping, which was protected by Allied navies. The introduction of air patrols and radar eventually helped the Allies win the Battle of the Atlantic.
Stalingrad
In September 1942, the Soviets repelled Hitler’s attack on Stalingrad, capturing thousands of German soldiers. (This was the turning point in the war in the Soviet Union.)
meeting at Tehran, Iran
President Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Stalin met in Tehran, Iran from November 28th to December 1st to coordinate a second front. One of the most important achievements of the meeting was the agreement on broad plans, especially those for launching Soviet attacks on Germany from the east simultaneously with the Allied assault from the west.
D-Day
On D-Day, June 6, 1944, the invasion operation took place. The Allies broke through German beach defenses and General George S. Patton led armored divisions across France. Paris was liberated in August 1944.
Aachen
The first important German city to fall to the Allies was Aachen in October 1944.
Concentration Camps
In April 1945, General Eisenhower’s troops continued into Germany and discovered the concentration camps where the Nazis had murdered over 6 million Jews. All of the atrocities of the Holocaust were not discovered until the war ended.
Berlin
The Soviets captured Berlin in April 1945.
Hitlers death
Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945.
V-E Day
On May 7, 1945, the German government surrendered unconditionally. May 8 was proclaimed V-E (Victory in Europe) Day.
FDR death
On April 12, 1945, President Roosevelt died suddenly from a brain hemorrhage. Harry S Truman took over the presidency.
Potsdam conference
At the Potsdam conference in July 1945, President Truman met with Stalin and the British leader. They issued an ultimatum to Japan: surrender or be destroyed.
Manhattan Project
America’s Manhattan Project developed the atomic bomb. Germany was the initial intended target for the atomic bomb while it was being developed.
Little Boy
On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was detonated as a test. With the Japanese still refusing to surrender, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, killing 180,000 people.
Fat Boy
On August 8, Stalin invaded the Japanese defenses of Manchuria and Korea. After the Japanese still refused to surrender, a second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, killing 80,000 people.
