Chapter/Packet 20 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Battle of Bull Run
The outcome was significant because it shocked many people, including Northern politicians, who believed the conflict between the North and South would be short-lived. It also provided Southern forces with confidence they could hold their own with the Northern army.
Peninsula Campaign
Initiated by Union Major General George B. McClellan, the purpose of the Peninsula Campaign was to advance on and capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, via the Virginia Peninsula situated between the James and York rivers.
Henry and Fort Donelson
In addition to marking the first major Union victory in the Civil War, the Battle of Fort Henry, along with the subsequent Union victory at the Battle of Fort Donelson, restored Western and middle Tennessee and most of Kentucky to the Union.
Shiloh
crucial success for the Union Army, led by Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s Army of the Tennessee (named for the river, not the state). It allowed Grant to begin a massive operation in the Mississippi Valley later that year.
Second Battle of Bull Run
The Army of Northern Virginia had defeated the Union Army of the Potomac outside of Richmond then proceeded to almost destroy the Army of Virginia on the fields near Bull Run.
Antietam battle
Most importantly, Union victory at Antietam provided President Abraham Lincoln the opportunity he had wanted to announce the Emancipation Proclamation, making the Battle of Antietam one of the key turning points of the American Civil War.
Emancipation Proclamtion
Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared “that all persons held as slaves” within the rebellious states “are, and henceforward shall be free.”
13th Amendment
to the United States Constitution provides that “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”
Gettysburg
T he Battle of Gettysburg was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war and is often described as the war’s turning point.
Gettysburg Adress
The main purpose of the Gettysburg Address at the time it was given was to commemorate a new National Cemetery at Gettysburg. It also gave Lincoln’s purpose for pushing on to win the Civil War - the abolition of slavery and the reunification of the Union.
Vicksburg
location on the Mississippi River made it a critical win for both the Union and the Confederacy. The Confederate surrender there ensured Union control of the Mississippi River and cleaved the South in two.
Sherman’s March
was marked by its objective, to cripple the Confederacy’s ability to wage war. They destroyed anything and everything important to the war effort, leaving ruins where Georgia’s great cities once stood.
Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War
started on December 9, 1861, and was dismissed in May 1865. The committee investigated the progress of the war against the Confederacy. Meetings were held in secret, but reports were issued from time to time.
Copperheads
vocal faction of Democrats in the Northern United States of the Union who opposed the American Civil War, wanting an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates.
Union Party
was a United States third party active during the 1860 elections. It consisted of conservative former Whigs, largely from the Southern United States, who wanted to avoid secession over the slavery issue and refused to join either the Republican Party or the Democratic Party.
Wilderness Campaign
The bloody Battle of the Wilderness, in which no side could claim victory, marked the first stage of a major Union offensive toward the Confederate capital of Richmond, ordered by the newly named Union general-in-chief Ulysses S. Grant in the spring of 1864. Inconclusive.
Appomattox Courthouse
Trapped by the Federals near Appomattox Court House, Confederate general Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to Union general Ulysses S. Grant, precipitating the capitulation of other Confederate forces and leading to the end of the bloodiest conflict in American history.
Reform of 1867
granted the vote to all householders in the boroughs as well as lodgers who paid rent of £10 a year or more. reduced the property threshold in the counties and gave the vote to agricultural landowners and tenants with very small amounts of land.
George B McClellan
is often remembered as the great organizer of the Union Army of the Potomac. Nicknamed “Young Napoleon,” “Little Mac” was immensely popular with the men who served under his command.
John C Fremont
After thoroughly exploring much of the Pacific Northwest, he went southward into Mexican-controlled territory. He first went through what is now northwestern Nevada and then made a perilous westward winter crossing of the Sierra Nevada to California, reaching Fort Sutter on the Sacramento River in March 1844.
Samuel Curtis
the most successful federal general west of the Mississippi River during the American Civil War. He is primarily remembered as the victor at the battles of Pea Ridge and Westport.
David Farrangut
for his victory at the Battle of Mobile Bay in 1864, where he led his fleet through a field of “torpedoes,” submerged explosives, while they took Confederate fire from the shore.
Wiliam Tecumseh Sherman
was a Union general during the Civil War, playing a crucial role in the victory over the Confederate States and becoming one of the most famous military leaders in U.S. history.
Salmon Chase
While serving a second term in the U.S. Senate, he was tapped by Abraham Lincoln to become Secretary of the Treasury. As Secretary, Chase was instrumental in establishing a national banking system after the National Banking Acts of 1863 and 1864 were passed.
