Chapter/Packet 10 Flashcards
(39 cards)
Revolution of 1800
Vice President Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republican Party defeated incumbent president John Adams of the Federalist Party. The election was a political realignment that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican leadership.
Judiciary act of 1801
the lame-duck Federalist majority in Congress, which favored a strong national government, made radical changes to the federal courts. The Judiciary Act of 1801 expanded federal jurisdiction, eliminated Supreme Court justices’ circuit court duties, and created 16 federal circuit court judgeships.
midnight judges
represented an effort to solve an issue in the U.S. Supreme Court during the early 19th century. There was concern, beginning in 1789, about the system that required the Justices of the Supreme Court to “ride circuit” and reiterate decisions made in the appellate level courts.
Marbury v. Madison
5 U.S. 137, was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws and statutes that they find to violate the Constitution of the United States.
Marbury v. Madison
5 U.S. 137, was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws and statutes that they find to violate the Constitution of the United States.
Tripolitcian war
The First Barbary War, also known as the Tripolitan War and the Barbary Coast War, was the first of two Barbary Wars, in which the United States and Sweden fought against the four North African states known collectively as the “Barbary States”
Louisiana Purchase,
was the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from the French First Republic in 1803. In return for fifteen million dollars, or approximately eighteen dollars per square mile, the United States nominally acquired a total of 828,000 sq mi in Middle America.
Orders in Council
made by the King acting on the advice of the Privy Council and are approved in person by the monarch. Some, like those that transfer functions between Ministers of the Crown, are made using powers conferred by an Act of Parliament.
Impressment
enforcement of military or naval service on able-bodied but unwilling men through crude and violent methods. Until the early 19th century this practice flourished in port towns throughout the world.
Chesapeake affair
engagement off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia, on June 22, 1807, between the British fourth-rate HMS Leopard and the American frigate USS Chesapeake. The crew of Leopard pursued, attacked, and boarded the American frigate, looking for deserters from the Royal Navy.
Embargo Act
was a general trade embargo on all foreign nations that was enacted by the United States Congress.
Non-Intercourse Act
which remains substantially the same today, prohibits conveyances of an Indian tribe’s interests in land unless the conveyance is negotiated in the presence of a federal commissioner and ratified by Congress.
Macon’s Bill No. 2.
The law lifted all embargoes with Britain and France for three months. It stated that if either belligerent ceased disrupting American shipping, the United States would embargo the other, unless that other country also agreed to cease disrupting American shipping.
war hawks
someone who favors war or continuing to escalate an existing conflict as opposed to other solutions. War hawks are the opposite of doves.
Battle of Tippecaune
was fought on November 7, 1811, in Battle Ground, Indiana, between American forces led by then Governor William Henry Harrison of the Indiana Territory and Native American forces
Sally Hammings
one of the most famous—and least known—African American women in U.S. history.
Timothy Dwight
grandson of the great theologian of the Awakening, Jonathan Edwards. He believed there could be no national virtue without national religion, and these beliefs led to him being made the president of Yale College and bringing about religious revival there
James callender
well known in his lifetime as a political writer and newspaper editor, is remembered today chiefly for his series of newspaper articles alleging that Thomas Jefferson had children with Sally Hemings.
Madison hemnings
After Hemings and his younger brother Eston were freed, they each worked and married free women of color; they lived with their families and mother Sally in Charlottesville until her death in 1835.
Monticello
the home from 1770 until his death in 1826, of Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence and third president of the United States.
Andrew Jackson
the first man elected from Tennessee to the House of Representatives, and he served briefly in the Senate. A major general in the War of 1812, Jackson became a national hero when he defeated the British at New Orleans.
Margret Beyard Smith
was an American author and political commentator in the early Republic of the United States, a time when women generally lived within strict gender roles. Her writings and relationships shaped both politics and society in the capital of early Washington, DC.
Benjamin tallmadge
most significant accomplishment was overseeing the Culper Spy Ring during the American Revolution. This organization provided timely and accurate intelligence to General George Washington from 1778 to 1783 and set a high standard for future clandestine operations.
Ralph earl
was an American painter known for his portraits, of which at least 183 can be documented. He also painted six landscapes, including a panorama display of Niagara Falls.
