Chapter 2 Flashcards
What are social forces?
Aspects of culture that guide relationships among people.
What are political forces?
Influence of political and legal institutions on people and organizations.
What are economic forces?
The availability, production, and distribution of resources.
What is scientific management?
Improve efficiency and productivity through scientific methods, decisions based on study.
Who invented the Gantt chart and what is it for?
Henry Gantt, chart to measure and plan work.
How do bureaucratic organizations manage their employees?
Manage organizations on impersonal, rational basis, organization depends on rules and records, use power instead of personality.
What is the humanistic perspective?
Understand human behavior, needs, and attitudes in the workplace, employees perform better when managers treat them well.
What is the quantitative perspective?
Use of math to aid in decision making, operations management focuses on the physical production of goods and services.
What is the contingency view?
Unique situations, organizational structure should depend on industry.
How do you manage the people-driven workplace today?
Bossless workplace, work from home and manage accountability. Must manage employee engagement.
What is the human relations movement?
Effective control comes from within the individual worker, rather than strict authoritarian control.
What came about the Hawthorne studies?
Productivity increased workers felt increased importance and group pride.
What is theory X?
An outdated form of management that made assumptions about workers, and the classical movement.
What is the classical perspective?
Rise of factory system, large complex organizations required new approaches to coordination and control.
What is theory Y?
Take advantage of imagination and intellect of employees.
