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Anatomy And Physiology 1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

What is matter ?

A

Anything that has mass and occupies space

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2
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Energy in action

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3
Q

What is potential energy ?

A

Inactive energy

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4
Q

What are 3 forms of energy ?

A

Chemical
Mechanical
Electrical

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5
Q

What is a mixture

A

A substance that consists of two or more components that are physically intermixed

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6
Q

What is a solution

A

Components that may be gases solids or liquids

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7
Q

What is a solvent

A

The substance that has the greatest amount

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8
Q

What is a solute

A

A gas solid or liquid in the smallest amount

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9
Q

What is cytosol

A

Fluid part of the cytoplasm

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10
Q

Ehat does the cytoplasm contain

A

Cytosol and organelles

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11
Q

What subatomic particles interact during chemical reactions ?

A

Electrons

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12
Q

What subatomic particles are always in the nucleus

A

Protons and neutrons

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13
Q

How many electrons can the first energy level of an atom hold

A

2

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14
Q

The second energy level of a atom can hold up to __ electrons

A

8

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15
Q

The third energy level of an atom can hold up to ___ electrons

A

18

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16
Q

How many milligrams are in one gram

A

1000

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17
Q

What are chemical bonds

A

Involve energy relationships between the electrons of reacting atoms and forms molecules

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18
Q

What are 3 major types of chemical bonds

A

Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen

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19
Q

What are ionic bonds

A

The opposing charged cation+ and anion - are attracted to one another resulting in an ionic bond

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Are formed when atoms share two or more valence shell electrons

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22
Q

Non polar covalent bonds ?

A

Electrons shared equally among atoms
Produces electrically balanced and non polar molecules such as CO2

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23
Q

Polar covalent bonds

A

Unequal sharing of electrons between atoms produce polar molecules

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24
Q

Is a water molecule polar or non polar

A

Polar

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25
Hydrogen bonds?
A weak attraction between electro positive atom of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule
26
When do chemical reactions occur
When chemical bonds are formed, broken or rearranged
27
Synthesis reaction
When atoms or molecules combine to form larger more complex molecules
28
Decomposition reactions
When a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules or constituent atoms Involved breaking bones
29
Exchange reactions
Also known as displacement reactions Involves both synthesis and decomposition reactions
30
What are chemical reactions affected by?
Temperature Concentration of reactant Partical size
31
What is metabolism
Refers to all the chemical reactions occurring in body cells
32
Which atom in a water molecule is electronegative
Oxygen
33
What type of chemical reaction would predominate in cells in the later stages of wound healing
Synthesis
34
Why are ionic bonds weaker then covalent bonds
Because ionic bonds lose electrons and covalent bonds gain electrons
35
If a atom were to gain an electron it would have a overall
Negative charge
36
If an atom were to lose an electron it would have an overall
Positive charge
37
NaCl (sodium chloride) broken down is
Na+ +Cl-
38
KCL (potassium chloride) broken down is
K+ + Cl-
39
NaHCO3(sodium bicarbonate) broken down is
Na+ HCO3-
40
MgCl2(magnesium chloride) broken down is
Mg2+ + 2Cl
41
Na2SO4(sodium sulfate ) broken down is
2Na+SO4 2-
42
What is a acid
Inorganic that is a solute that releases H+ in solution
43
What is a base
Inorganic and a solute that takes up H+ from solution or generates OH
44
What is a PH scale
A measurement of free H+ in a solution
45
What is hydrolysis
Decomposition reaction that involved the insertion of water
46
Dehydration synthesis
Synthesis reaction that involved the removal of water from the reactants
47
What is a buffer
They resist abrupt and large swings in pH
48
What chemical reaction predominates during digestion
Hydrolysis
49
What salt will create the greatest number of solutes when placed in water
MgCl2
50
What are organic compounds
Molecules that contain carbon Are covalently bonded
51
What are monomers
Building blocks
52
What are carbohydrates
Hydrated carbon Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
53
Monosaccharides
One sugar (monomer)
54
Disaccharides
Two sugars
55
Polysaccharides
Many sugars
56
What are 3 simple sugars
Glucose Fructose and galactose
57
What are lipids
Contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen Are hydrophobic Do not dissolve in water Insoluble
58
59
60
What are triglycerides
Neutral fats Composed of 3 fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule Main functions Energy storage Insulation and protection
61
What is a saturated fatty acid
Single covalent bond between C atoms Contain maximum number of H atoms
62
Unsaturated fatty acids
One or more double bonds between C atoms Contains reduced number of H atoms
63
What are phospholipids
Composed of glycerol 2 fatty acids
64
What are proteins
The most abundant and important organic molecules Contain C,H,O,N Consists of monomers called amino acids
65
What are the major protein functions
Support Movement Transport Buffering Metabolic regulation Coordination and control Defense
66
What is a primary structure
The sequence of amino acids along a polypeptide held together by peptide bonds
67
Secondary structure
Primary chain rearranges into spirals or pleats due to the presence of hydrogen bond
68
Tertiary structure
Secondary structure folds into compact ball like molecule due to interactions between r groups
69
Fibrous proteins
Strand like Water insoluble Ex) keratin, collagen
70
Globular proteins
Compact Ex) antibodies, hormones
71
What are enzymes
Globular proteins that act as catalyst
72
Nucleic acids
DNA RNA Contain C,O,H,And P
73
What substance must be broken down before entering a body cell
Sucrose
74
What is ATP****
Adenosine Triphospate Usable by all body cells

Anatomy And Physiology 1 (10 decks)

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