Chapter 2, Section 3

Question 1

What are illnesses called that are passed from one organism to another?

Answer 1

Infectious diseases

Question 2

What are the four ways infectious disease is can spread?

Answer 2

1. Contact with an infected person
2. Contact with contaminated object
3. Contact with an infected animal
4. Contact with environmental sources

Question 3

Give two examples of how infectious disease is can spread through contact with an infected person.

Answer 3

• Direct contact such as touching, hugging, or kissing an infected person can spread infectious diseases.
• Indirect contact is inhaling the tiny drops of moisture that an infected person sneezes or coughs into the air.

Question 4

True or false

Viruses and bacteria cannot survive outside of a person’s body.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Give two examples of how infectious disease can be spread through contact with a contaminated object.

Answer 5

• Drinking from a cup used by an infected person.
• If you touch an object that an infected person has sneezed or coughed on, you may transfer some viruses or bacteria to yourself if you then touch your mouth or eyes.

Question 6

Give two examples of how infectious disease can be spread through contact with an infected animal.

Answer 6

• The deadly disease rabies can be transferred through the bite of an infected dog or raccoon.
• Tick bites can transmit the bacteria that causes Lyme disease.
• Mosquito bites can spread the virus that causes encephalitis.

Question 7

Give two examples of how infectious disease is can spread through contact with environmental sources.

Answer 7

• Raw eggs may contain salmonella bacteria that causes food poisoning.
• Soil dwelling bacteria can enter a person’s body through a wound and can cause the deadly disease tetanus.

Question 8

What is another word for poison?

Answer 8

Toxin

Question 9

What is a chemical that can kill bacteria without harming a persons cells?

Answer 9

Antibiotic

Question 10

What is it called when some bacteria are able to survive in the presence of an antibiotic?

Answer 10

Antibiotic resistance

Question 11

Many bacterial diseases can be cured with what?

Answer 11

Antibiotics

Question 12

What are some common bacterial diseases?

Answer 12

Lyme disease, tuberculosis, tetanus, strep throat, and food poisoning

Question 13

What are two examples of bacterial diseases that can be prevented with a vaccine?

Answer 13

Tuberculosis and tetanus

Question 14

What happens over time with antibiotic resistant bacteria?

Answer 14

As resistant bacteria survive and reproduce, the number of resistant bacteria increases, which makes some bacterial diseases difficult to treat.

Question 15

Why are antibiotics important?

Answer 15

Because they quickly kill the bacteria that causes the infection.

Question 16

How are viral infections treated?

Answer 16

Unlike bacterial diseases, there are currently no medications that can cure viral infections. Instead, many over the counter medications can help relieve symptoms of a viral infection.

Question 17

What is the best treatment for viral infections?

Answer 17

The best treatment for viral infections is often bed rest, drinking lots of fluids, and eating well-balanced meals.

Question 18

What are some common viral diseases?

Answer 18

Influenza
Hepatitis C
Chickenpox
AIDS

Question 19

What are two examples of viral diseases that can be prevented with vaccines?

Answer 19

Flu and chickenpox

Question 20

What is a substance introduced into the body to stimulate the production of chemicals that destroy specific viruses or bacteria?

Answer 20

Vaccine

Question 21

Why are vaccines important?

Answer 21

Vaccines are important tools that help prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

Question 22

How do vaccines work?

Answer 22

A vaccine may be made from dead or altered viruses or bacteria. They activate the body’s natural defenses and put the body “on alert”.

Question 23

What are some other ways to prevent the spread of infectious disease, besides vaccines?

Answer 23

• Keep your body healthy. Eat nutritious food and get enough sleep, fluids, and exercise.
• Wash your hands often and do not share eating or drinking utensils.
• Store food properly, keep kitchen surfaces clean, and cook meat well.