Chapter 2: The functional groups

Question 1

Ethers

Answer 1

Formula: R-O-R

How to draw: Structure of water molecule where both H are replaced by alkyl groups

Bond angle : 110

Question 2

Amines

Answer 2

Formula: R-N-H

How to draw: draw an ammonium group with a hydrogen missing replaced with an R

Bond Angle: 108.7

How to classify? This classification is
based on the number of organic groups that are attached to the nitrogen atom

Question 3

How do you name ethers?

Answer 3

The general rule is to read the names of the ether group from left to right then add ether. (if the two ether groups are the same you name them di.)

Question 4

Aldehydes

Answer 4

Formula: RCHO ( carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen and carbon)

Bond angle: varies

Question 5

Esters

Answer 5

Formula: RCOOR contains carbonyl group

How to draw: Draw to where the carbonyl group

Question 6

Amides

Answer 6

Formula: RCONH2, RCONHR’, RCONR’R”

How to draw: Draw to where the carbonyl is bonded to a nitrogen atom that has a hydrogen or alkyl group

Question 7

Nitriles

Answer 7

Formula: R-C (triple bond) N or : (or R−CN)

Question 8

How do we name cyclic Nitriles?

Answer 8

you name the structure the nitrile is added to and then add carbonitrile