Chapter 21: Abdomen Flashcards
(20 cards)
What the topics brought up in the abdominal assessment for subjective data collection?
Appetite Dysphagia Food intolerance Abdominal pain Nausea / vomiting Nutritional Assessment Color: Black/tarry: old blood or high in GI tract Bright red: lower tract Gray: hepatitis Past abdominal history Medications
What is the order of the physical assessment for the abdomen?
inspection
auscultation
percussion
palpation
What are the expected findings for inspection of the abdominal assessment?
Contour Expected Findings Flat to rounded contour Symmetry Expected Findings Symmetrical bilaterally
What are the unexpected findings for inspection of the abdominal assessment?
Contour: Scaphoid, protuberant or distended
Symmetry: Herniations; Bulges; Masses
What are the expected and unexpected findings on the inspection of the umbilicus?
Expected Findings Midline and inverted \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Unexpected Findings Deviated Periumbilical cyanosis (Cullen’s sign): intraabdominal bleeding
What are the expected and unexpected findings for the abdominal skin inspection?
Expected findings Smooth and even, color, warm, dry \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Unexpected Findings Redness; taut; glistening; striae prominent dilated veins Be sure to describe scars and piercings
What are the expected and unexpected findings for pulsation or movement?
Expected findings Slight aortic pulsations \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Unexpected Findings Marked aortic pulsations or visible peristalsis (visible peristalsis can indicate bowel obstruction)
In what order is the bowel sounds auscultation done?
begin in RLQ and listen to all 4 quadrants
What are the expected auscultation findings?
Bowel Sounds
High pitched gurgling sounds 5-30 times a minute
Active and present X 4 quadrants
What are the unexpected auscultation findings?
Bowel Sounds Hyperactive Hypoactive Absent 5 minutes
What is rebound tenderness?
Blumberg’s sign, also referred to as rebound tenderness, is a clinical sign that is elicited during physical examination of a patient’s abdomen by a doctor or other health care provider. It is indicative of peritonitis. It refers to pain upon removal of pressure rather than application of pressure to the abdomen.
What are the unexpected findings for palpation of the abdomen?
Masses Tenderness Muscle guarding Rigidity: board like abdomen indicates peritonitis Organomegaly – deep palpation
What is dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing is also called dysphagia. It is usually a sign of a problem with your throat or esophagus -the muscular tube that moves food and liquids from the back of your mouth to your stomach.
What is pyrosis?
heart burn
What is eructation?
a belch
What is flatus?
gas in or from the stomach or intestines, produced by swallowing air or by bacterial fermentation.
What is visceral pain?
Visceral pain is pain that results from the activation of nociceptors of the thoracic, pelvic, or abdominal viscera (organs). Visceral structures are highly sensitive to distension (stretch), ischemia and inflammation, but relatively insensitive to other stimuli that normally evoke pain such as cutting or burning.
What is parietal pain?
Parietal abdominal pain is caused by irritation of fibers that innervate the parietal peritoneum. Parietal pain, in contrast to visceral pain, can be localized to the dermatome superficial to the site of the painful stimulus.
What is hematemesis?
the vomiting of blood
What is melena?
dark sticky feces containing partly digested blood.
the production of melena, following internal bleeding or the swallowing of blood.
