Chapter 3 The Interview

Question 1

What kind of data is collected in the interview?

Answer 1

subjective data: patient perception

-first step in the therapeutic relationship

Question 2

What is important for this stage in the therapeutic relationship for the nurse?

Answer 2

to establish rapport and to being teaching for health promotion and disease prevention

Question 3

What are internal factors allowing you to maximize communication skill?

Answer 3

liking others
empathy
ability to listen

Question 4

What are external factors allowing you to maximize communication skill?

Answer 4

Ensure privacy 
Refuse interruptions
Physical environment
Dress
Note-taking may be unavoidable
Cannot rely completely on memory for details of previous illnesses or review of body systems
Tape and video recording

Question 5

What are some challenges of note taking?

Answer 5

Breaks eye contact too often
Shifts attention away from person, diminishing his or her sense of importance
Interrupts patient’s narrative flow
Impedes observation of patient’s nonverbal behavior
May be threatening to patient’s discussion of sensitive issues

Question 6

What is the working phase of the therapeutic relationship characterized by?

Answer 6

data gathering phase

verbal skills include questions to patient and your responses to what is said

Question 7

What are two types of questions?

Answer 7

open ended

closed

Question 8

What is the purpose of the open ended question?

Answer 8

Ask for narrative responses
State topic only in general terms
Use them in the following situations:
To begin interview
To introduce a new section of questions
Whenever the patient introduces a new topic

Question 9

What is the purpose of closed/direct questions?

Answer 9

Ask for specific information
Elicit short one- or two-word answers, a yes or no answer, or a forced choice
Use them in the following situations:
After opening narrative to fill in details person may have left out
When you need many specific facts about past health problems or during review of systems
To move the interview along

Question 10

How does facilitation assist the narrative?

Answer 10

encourages patients to say more and shows you are interested and will listen further

Question 11

What is silent attentiveness?

Answer 11

gives patient time to think and organize what to say without interruption from you
gives you a chance to observe person unobtrusively and note nonverbal cues

Question 12

What is reflection?

Answer 12

echoes patient’s words, repeating what person has just said, focuses further attention on a specific phrase, and helps person continue in his or her own way

Question 13

What is an empathy verbal response?

Answer 13

Recognizes a feeling and puts it into words
Names the feeling and allows expression of it
Patient feels accepted and can deal with feeling openly

Question 14

What is a clarification verbal response?

Answer 14

Use when person’s words are ambiguous or confusing
Used to summarize person’s words and to simplify them to make them clearer
You are asking for agreement, and the person can then confirm or deny your understanding

Question 15

What is a confrontation verbal response?

Answer 15

Frame of reference shifts from patient’s perspective to yours
May focus on discrepancy or inconsistency in person’s narrative
You have observed a certain action, feeling, or statement and now focus person’s attention on it
You give honest feedback about what you see or feel

Question 16

What is the interpretation verbal response?

Answer 16

Based on your inference or conclusion
It links events, makes associations, implies cause, ascribes feelings
Helps person understand his or her own feelings in relation to the verbal message
If your inference is incorrect, the patient may correct it and thus prompt further discussion of topic

Question 17

What is the explanation verbal response?

Answer 17

These statements inform the person; you share factual and objective information, offering reasons for requirements or actions

Question 18

What is the summary verbal response?

Answer 18

Final review of what person has said; it condenses facts and presents your view of health problem
Is a type of validation that person can agree with or correct; both you and patient should participate
Occurring at the end of the interview, it signals that termination of the interview is near

Question 19

What are the 10 traps of interviewing?

Answer 19

Providing false assurance or reassurance
Giving unwanted advice
Using authority
Using avoidance language
Engaging in distancing
Using professional jargon
Using leading or biased questions
Talking too much
Interrupting
Using “why” questions

Question 20

What are the techniques to improve health literacy?

Answer 20

Oral teaching
Use of written materials based on standard educational levels
Teach back or use of return demonstration