chapter 22

Question 1

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 1

A welfare agency that would provide food, clothing, medical care, and education both to freedmen and poor whites.

(Greatest success was in education, Black people didn’t receive the promised “40 acres and a mule” and were often forced into signing labor contracts w/former masters.)

Question 2

Lincoln’s Proclamation of Amnesty & Reconstruction (“10% plan”)

Answer 2

Would allow a state to reintegrate into the Union when 10% of voters had taken an oath of allegiance to the
U.S. and pledged to honor emancipation

Question 3

Radical Republicans (Sumner, Stevens

Answer 3

Wanted the South to atone for
its sins by uprooting the social structure and upholding rights equality for Black people.

Question 4

Wade-Davis Bill

Answer 4

Required 50% of a state’s voters to take an oath of allegiance to the
government and demanded
stronger safeguards for
emancipation.

Question 5

Johnson’s 1865 Reconstruction Proclamation

Answer 5

Similar to Lincoln’s plan. It also called for: disfranchising wealthy ex-Confederates & special state conventions to repeal the ordinances of secession and ratify the 13th Amendment

Question 6

Military Reconstruction (Reconstruction Act of 1867)

Answer 6

Divided the South into 5 military districts, each commanded by a Union general & policed by soldiers.

Question 7

Exodusters

Answer 7

Former enslaved people who migrated to Kansas

Question 8

Black Codes

Answer 8

Passed by many Southern states, these were aimed at regulating the
affairs of the emancipated Black people to ensure a stable and
subservient labor force. Examples:

Penalties were enforced for Black people who jumped labor contracts.

“Negro-catchers” could forcibly drag Black people back to work.

Black people could not vote, sit on a jury, rent or lease land.

Black people could be forced to work on chain gangs if found “idle.”

Black people could be punished as a parent might punish a child.

Question 9

KKK

Answer 9

Formed in 1866 in TN, the KKK members dressed as ghosts to
scare “upstart” Black people away from the polls.

Question 10

Force Acts

Answer 10

Passed in an effort to curtail the Klan, making it a crime to interfere with registration, voting, office holding, or jury service of Black people, but the Klan continued to intimidate.

Question 11

Scalawags

Answer 11

Freedmen’s white allies

Question 12

Carpetbaggers

Answer 12

Northerners who profited
off the South

Question 13

1866 congressional elections

Answer 13

Democratic Johnson’s “soft-on-the-South policy” helped to inadvertently win votes for the Republicans, since Johnson falsely accused Radical Republicans of having planned
large-scale riots in the South (such as the Memphis and New Orleans Riots).

Question 14

“New South”

Answer 14

1. Diversified crops: cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar
2. Industrialization: cotton mills, coal production, hydroelectricity, more railway lines to move fresh foods to
   the North
3. Healthy growth over time
4. A “separate but equal” philosophy

Question 15

Andrew Johnson

Answer 15

Humble beginnings; an orphan &
tailor’s apprentice, active in TN politics & a minor slaveholder, he championed the cause of poor whites, championed states’ rights and the Constitution

Question 16

Tenure of Office Act

Answer 16

Required the president to secure the consent of the Senate before he could remove appointees.

Question 17

13th Amendment

Answer 17

In regard to the 13th Amendment, the discrimination by individuals in these cases were ‘ordinary civil injuries’ rather than ‘badges of slavery.

Question 18

14th Amendment

Answer 18

The 14th Amendment, read narrowly by the Supreme Court, applied only to state, not individual actions.

Question 19

15th Amendment

Answer 19

Made voting official in 1870.

Question 20

“Redeemer” Regimes

Answer 20

When the soldiers left the South, state governments passed back into the hands of the Democratic “Redeemer”/“Home Rule” regimes.