chapter 15

Question 1

Brook Farm

Answer 1

Joint-stock company founded by George Ripley, the experiment ended after the main building burnt in a fire

Question 2

Emma Willard

Answer 2

Founded the first women’s school for higher education: The Troy Female Seminary (NY) in 1821 (now called the Emma Willard School)

Question 3

Frederick Douglass

Answer 3

Douglass escaped from slavery & became a powerful voice for the antislavery movement

Question 4

Noah Webster

Answer 4

An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828), his blue-backed spellers taught generations of students

Question 5

The Liberator

Answer 5

An antislavery newspaper published by Garrison

Question 6

Mary Lyon

Answer 6

Founder of Wheaton Female Seminary in Norton, MA (1834) & Mt. Holyoke Female Seminary in S. Hadley, MA (1837)

Question 7

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Answer 7

(Dark) Romantic Movement, wrote novels & short stories ex. The Scarlet Letter, focused on the evil & sin in humanity

Question 8

Temperance

Answer 8

Reducing consumption of alcohol (some advocated not consuming alcohol at all)

Question 9

William Miller

Answer 9

Baptist preacher who believed that Christ would return in 1843 (commencing the events in the Book of Revelation), gave birth to the Seventh-day Adventist Church in the so-called “Burned-Over District” in NY

Question 10

William McGuffey

Answer 10

Wrote the McGuffey readers (widely used throughout the U.S.)

Question 11

The Second Great Awakening

Answer 11

A wave of revivals among many denominations during the early decades of the 19th century characterized by emotional “camp meetings” & hundreds of thousands of people experiencing religious conversion

Question 12

Susan B. Anthony

Answer 12

Quaker, anti-slavery supporter, women’s rights activist, founded the National Woman Suffrage Association, the 19th Amendment was originally called the “Anthony Amendment”

Question 13

Magdalen Society

Answer 13

The organization was intended to help prostitutes (founded in 1800), John McDowell worked for the Magdalen Society in the Five Points district of NYC

Question 14

Herman Melville

Answer 14

American Renaissance, wrote Moby-Dick (1851)

Question 15

The North Star

Answer 15

Newspaper published by Frederick Douglass

Question 16

minstrel shows

Answer 16

Variety show with music, dancing, & comedy skits, performers were white people who wore blackface, Black people were portrayed as stupid, hypersexual, lazy, & superstitious, lasted for most of the 19th century (morphed into vaudeville)

Question 17

Edgar Allen Poe

Answer 17

Wrote “The Raven” and the first mystery stories involving detectives

Question 18

William Lloyd Garrison

Answer 18

Noted agitator for abolition (called for immediate emancipation) and women’s rights

Question 19

Stephen C. Foster

Answer 19

Folk musician who wrote parlor & minstrel classics

Question 20

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Answer 20

Published Nature in 1837, marking the beginning of the transcendentalist movement

Question 21

Joseph Smith

Answer 21

Founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormon Church), experienced visions & was directed to a book of golden plates by the angel Moroni; the translated plates formed the basis for the Book of Mormon, led follower from NY to Kirtland, OH, then to Independence, MO; then to Nauvoo, IL

Question 22

Transcendentalism

Answer 22

A literary & intellectual movement that emphasized individuality & self-reliance, believed each person possesses an “inner light” that can point the way to truth & direct contact with God

Question 23

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 23

Known for her women’s rights work, but also for involvement in temperance & abolition movements, led the American Woman Suffrage Association

Question 24

Sojourner Truth

Answer 24

Escaped from slavery & became a voice for the abolition movement

Question 25

American Antislavery Society

Answer 25

Abolition society founded by Garrison & Arthur Tappan in NYC

Question 26

Neal Dow

Answer 26

Fought for legislation to ban alcohol in Maine, the so-called “Maine law of 1851” (repealed in 1856), “The Napoleon of Temperance,” the Portland Rum Riot led to Dow being put on trial (and losing credibility) for violation of prohibition (he had a stash of rum in city hall for “medicinal purposes”)

Question 27

Oneida

Answer 27

Founded by John H. Noyes in NY (1848-81), this community practiced complex marriage & mutual criticism

Question 28

Horace Mann

Answer 28

Advocated public education for all students (mid-1830s), served in the MA state legislature & on the MA Board of Education, “Father of the Common School Movement”

Question 29

NY & Boston Female Moral Reform Societies

Answer 29

The NY society was formed by Lydia Finney in 1834 to continue the work of John McDowell, the society focused on prevention of prostitution, such as lobbying the state or entering brothels & praying for prostitutes

Question 30

Lucretia Mott

Answer 30

Organized the Women’s Rights Convention with Stanton after their return from the World Anti Slavery Convention in London, worked for both anti slavery & women’s rights causes

Question 31

Walt Whitman

Answer 31

Incorporated transcendentalism & realism into his works, very controversial works, esp. Leaves of Grass (1855)

Question 32

Charles Finney

Answer 32

Presbyterian minister in NY: “The Father of Modern Revivalism,” advocated Christian perfectionism (born-again Christians can be free from original sin), promoted social reforms such as abolition & women’s education

Question 33

Lyman Beecher

Answer 33

Presbyterian minister & revivalist, president of the Lane Theological Society (Cincinnati, OH), dedicated to social reform, anti-Catholic

Question 34

Dorothea Dix

Answer 34

Traveled widely throughout the U.S. examining how the mentally ill were being treated, lobbied state legislatures & Congress for aid for the mentally ill, succeeded in establishing institutions for the mentally ill

Question 35

American Colonization Society

Answer 35

Early plan to move free Black people to Africa (Liberia)

Question 36

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 36

First women’s rights convention held in NY (1848)

Question 37

Hudson River School

Answer 37

19th century movement, painters romanticized the landscapes of NY, VT, & NH

Question 38

daguerreotypes

Answer 38

Early photographs made by exposing polished & tarnish-free silver to halogen or bromine fumes

Question 39

New Harmony

Answer 39

Founded in 1814 by Robert Owen, a Scotsman, early socialist community in Indiana that lacked a shared religious faith & strong leader (Owen was often absent), advances were made in education & scientific research

Question 40

Henry Thoreau

Answer 40

Lived in a cabin on Walden Pond, MA, (on Emerson’s land) for two years, published On Civil Disobedience in 1849 & Walden in 1854, traveled in Maine with the aid of Penobscot guides

Question 41

Declaration of Sentiments

Answer 41

Based their manifesto on the Declaration of Independence, except it was men who were keeping women oppressed, not King George III