chapters 11 + 12

Question 1

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 1

“whispering campaign” against him (attacked in the press, accused of: having robbed a widow & her kids of a trust fund (unfounded), having fathered numerous children w/ Sally Hemmings (actually true), being an atheist (not true: he was a deist)), felt that his election represented a return to the spirit of the Revolution, the transition was peaceful & orderly

Question 2

John Marshall

Answer 2

Federalist Supreme Court Chief Justice (appointed by Adams) whose court expanded federal power over the states

Question 3

William Marbury

Answer 3

a midnight judge appointee who sued Sec. of State Madison when he learned that his commission was being shelved

Question 4

Samuel Chase

Answer 4

Justice that Jefferson wanted to impeach for being “foul mouthed” (there were 8 articles of impeachment against him, for trials that he had “mishandled”), Chase was found not guilty of “high crimes”

Question 5

Lewis & Clark

Answer 5

Went on a 2.5-year expedition to explore the northern part of Louisiana territory, looking principally for an all-water passage to the West Coast

Question 6

Sacajawea

Answer 6

Lewis & Clark’s Shoshone guide

Question 7

Aaron Burr

Answer 7

Killed Hamilton in a duel but got away with it (diplomatic immunity), plotted w/ James Wilkinson (Gov. of Louisiana Terr.) to take over the western part of the U.S., Mexico, & Florida (Wilkinson turned Burr in to Jefferson), arrested & tried for treason but acquitted on a technicality (essentially there was no proof), tried to convince Napoleon to make peace with Britain & launch a joint invasion of America

Question 8

Napoleon

Answer 8

Renewed war w/ Britain

Question 9

Tecumseh & Tenskwatawa

Answer 9

Shawnee brothers who collected a confederacy of tribes east of the Mississippi w/ the goal of pushing Americans out of the country

Question 10

William H. Harrison

Answer 10

Beat the British at the Battle of the Thames, gov. of Indiana Territory, attacked Tecumseh’s HQ on the Tippecanoe River & won, the battle made him a national hero

Question 11

James Madison

Answer 11

“Mr Madison’s War” - Madison & the Republicans came to believe that the Americans had to vigorously assert their rights & Madison asked Congress to declare war on June 1, 1812

Question 12

Oliver Hazard Perry

Answer 12

Built ships on the shores of Lake Erie & captured a British fleet

Question 13

Andrew Jackson

Answer 13

Defended New Orleans against the British, invaded FL in the 1st Seminole War

Question 14

Henry Clay

Answer 14

“War Hawk” (Republican who wanted war w/ Britain), led the Missouri compromise,

Question 15

James Monroe

Answer 15

Sectionalism was crystallizing during his presidency, warned the European powers that the era of colonization in the Americas was over & that they should stay out of American affairs

Question 16

John Q. Adams

Answer 16

Monroe’s Secretary of State, wanted concessions from Spain

Question 17

“Revolution of 1800”

Answer 17

Jefferson felt that his election represented a return to the spirit of the Revolution, the transition was peaceful & orderly

Question 18

Jeffersonian Republicanism

Answer 18

Diners were seated without regard to rank, Jefferson sometimes answered the door in his slippers & robe, he sent messages to Congress to be read by a clerk instead of appearing himself [He didn’t want to seem too monarchical]

Question 19

“midnight judges”

Answer 19

16 judges nominated by President John Adams due to the Judiciary Act of 1801

Question 20

Marshall Court

Answer 20

Decisions made by the court under Marshall bolstered the power of the federal government at the expense of the states

Question 21

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 21

William Marbury (a midnight judge appointee) sued Sec. of State Madison when he learned that his commission was being shelved, the case established the principle of judicial review

Question 22

Tripolitan War

Answer 22

In 1801, the pasha of Tripoli, upset that he didn’t get enough “protection money” (bribes), cut down the flagstaff of the American consulate so Jefferson dispatched the navy to “the shores of Tripoli” (200 small gunboats, mounted with one unwieldy gun - dubbed “Jeffs”, made up the “mosquito fleet”), After 4 years of fighting, Jefferson succeeded in peace (for the price of $60,000 - ransom payments for captured Americans)

Question 23

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 23

Napoleon was willing to sell Louisiana for $15 million

Question 24

British Orders in Council

Answer 24

In response to Napoleon’s blockade of Britain, the British ordered a blockade against France. All ships (including American) had to be stopped at British ports

Question 25

Impressment

Answer 25

About 6,000 U.S. citizens were pressed into service by the British, the British did not recognize American citizenship

Question 26

Chesapeake incident

Answer 26

In 1807, the U.S.S. Chesapeake was overhauled by the British frigate H.M.S. Leopard off the coast of VA. The British demanded the surrender of 4 alleged deserters. The Americans refused. The British fired on the Chesapeake, killing 3, wounding 18, & taking the deserters

Question 27

Embargo Act

Answer 27

Jefferson responded to impressment & other European issues by issuing an embargo, which forbade the export of all goods from the U.S., whether in American or in foreign ships

Question 28

Non-Intercourse Act

Answer 28

Reopened trade with the nations of the world, EXCEPT Britain & France (who were still fighting), passed under the Madison administration

Question 29

Macon’s Bill No. 2

Answer 29

Dismantled the embargo & offered that if either Britain or France repealed its commercial restrictions, America would restore is embargo against the non-repealing nation & France acted first (only because Napoleon wanted the U.S. to blockade trade w/ Britain)

Question 30

Battle of Tippecanoe

Answer 30

William H. Harrison, governor of Indiana Territory, attacked Tecumseh’s HQ on the Tippecanoe River (Tecumseh wasn’t there, but his brother Tenskwatawa, “the Prophet” attacked Harrison’s army. Harrison won and “the Prophet” fled to Canada)

Question 31

War Hawks

Answer 31

Henry Clay, John Calhoun: Republicans from the West & South who wanted war w/ Britain

Question 32

Mr. Madison’s War

Answer 32

Madison & the Republicans came to believe that the Americans had to vigorously assert their rights. Madison asked Congress to declare war on June 1, 1812

Question 33

Federalists vs. Republicans (on the war)

Answer 33

Federalists didn’t support the war; their stronghold was New England, where pro-British sentiment dominated

Question 34

Hartford Convention

Answer 34

Federalist New Englanders demanded: Compensation for lost trade, constitutional amendments requiring a ⅔ vote in Congress before an embargo could be imposed or new states admitted, abolition of the ⅗ clause, prohibition of the election of two successive presidents from the same state, single-term presidencies (A minority wanted to secede from the Union)

Question 35

Treaty of Ghent

Answer 35

The War of 1812 ended with an armistice (both sides agreed to stop fighting & return conquered territory). Americans boasted, “Not One Inch of Territory Ceded or Lost”

Question 36

Battle of New Orleans

Answer 36

Andrew Jackson defended the city against the British. Result = 2,000 Brits killed in 30 min. (vs. only 70 Americans). American victory led to restorations of nationalism & self-confidence

Question 37

Rush-Bagot Agreement

Answer 37

Limited naval armament (number and type of ships had to be the same) for the Americans and British on the Great Lakes

Question 38

“American System”

Answer 38

(Henry Clay) strong banking system: easy & abundant credit, protective tariff: protection for American manufacturing from cheap British goods, national improvements: revenues from the tariff would provide money for roads & canals

Question 39

“Era of Good Feelings”

Answer 39

Sectionalism was crystallizing during Monroe’s presidency, contested issues: The American System & the sale of public lands & slavery, Economic Panic of 1819 - led to depression, bankruptcies, unemployment

Question 40

Missouri Compromise

Answer 40

Missouri wanted to enter the Union as a slave state (sectional balance was 11-11), Henry Clay led the compromise: Missouri would be a slave state & Maine (separated from MA) would be a free state. All future bondage would be limited by the 36th parallel

Question 41

Convention of 1818

Answer 41

America & G.B. agreed to fix the northern boundary of the Louisiana Territory at the 49th parallel (as far as Oregon) & they agreed to a 10-year joint occupation of Oregon & to share Newfoundland fisheries

Question 42

1st Seminole War

Answer 42

Jackson invaded FL in 1818 using the pretext that hostiled Seminole & Creek people & fugitive slaves, aided by the British, were using FL as a refuge

Question 43

Adams-Onis Treaty

Answer 43

Spain ceded FL as well as any claims to Oregon in exchange for the U.S. abandoning claims to Texas. The U.S. promised to pay $5 million in claims. A vague boundary between Louisiana & Spanish territory was also set

Question 44

Russo-American Treaty

Answer 44

Fixed the southernmost limits of Russian territory at 54°40’

Question 45

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 45

Monroe warned the European powers that the era of colonization in the Americas was over & that they should stay out of American affairs. This was largely an expression of nationalism