chapters 25 + 26

Question 1

Dumbbell tenement

Answer 1

7-8 stories high & had shallow, sunless air shafts in the middle to provide ventilation. Several families on a floor would share a hallway toilet

Question 2

“New Immigrants”

Answer 2

Came from Southern & Eastern Europe. Many did not speak English, were orthodox Christians or Jewish, & lived in ethnic enclaves in cities

Question 3

nativism

Answer 3

Nativist sentiment rose in America - were we becoming a “dumping ground” rather than a “melting pot”?

Question 4

Jane Addams

Answer 4

Opened Hull House (a settlement house) in Chicago to help women & children by offering daycare, counseling, & English instruction

Question 5

American Protective Association

Answer 5

A nativist group that claimed 1 million members

Question 6

“social gospel”

Answer 6

Churches should do more to help society

Question 7

Salvation Army

Answer 7

(Founded in England) was established in America in 1880. Its aim was to help the poor (& convert them to Christianity)

Question 8

YMCA/YWCA

Answer 8

Combined religious & physical ed.

Question 9

Fundamentalists vs. Modernists

Answer 9

Fundamentalists - believed that Scripture is the infallible word of God

Modernists - saw some room for interpretation

Question 10

Chautauqua Movement

Answer 10

Provided lectures featuring well-known speakers & courses for home study

Question 11

Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B. DuBois

Answer 11

Booker T. Washington (accommodationist approach) aimed for Black people to learn useful trades (“self-help”) so they could gain self-respect & economic security in a white world

Dr. William Edward Burghardt (W. E. B.) Du Bois demanded equality for Black people & helped to found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Question 12

“yellow journalism”

Answer 12

Pulitzer’s colored comics, featuring the “Yellow Kid” gave the name “yellow journalism” to sensationalist reporting

Question 13

Comstock Law

Answer 13

The first of its kind, banning the mailing of pornographic things

Question 14

Carrie Chapman Catt

Answer 14

Became president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

Question 15

WCTU

Answer 15

Militant women encouraged temperance through the Women’s Christian Temperance Union:
Frances Willard
Carrie A. Nation (“the Kansas Cyclone”) smashed saloons with her hatchet

Question 16

literature (“Lowbrow,” Regionalism, Realism, Naturalism)

Answer 16

“Lowbrow”: generally inexpensive & easy-to-read

Realism: authors finding subjects for their work in the world around them

Naturalism: writers sought to apply detached scientific objectivity to the study of humans

Regionalism: writers sought to chronicle the peculiarities of local ways before the coming of industrialization

Question 17

“Concentration” system

Answer 17

First Treaty of Ft. Laramie (1851) & Treaty of Ft. Atkinson (1853) attempted to restrict tribes to certain areas

Question 18

Sand Creek

Answer 18

Col. Chivington’s men massacred

Question 19

Fetterman massacre

Answer 19

A Lakota/Cheyenne/Arapaho war party ambushed Captain Fetterman’s men. All 81 soldiers ere killed & mutilated

Question 20

Second Treaty of Ft. Laramie

Answer 20

The govt. promised the Teton Sioux, Dakota, and Arapaho people a reservation & the rights to the Black Hills. Gold was found in the Black Hills in 1874, prompting the U.S. govt. to seize the land

Question 21

Great Sioux War

Answer 21

The Sioux, inspired by the visions of Chief Sitting Bull [Tatankalyotanka], fought the American forces in the Great Sioux War

Question 22

Sitting Bull

Answer 22

Sioux chief who had visions

Question 23

George Custer

Answer 23

George A. Custer’s Seventh Cavalry (among others) were sent out to suppress the American Indian population in the West. He was vain about his appearance & arrogant in his actions

Question 24

Chief Joseph

Answer 24

Nez Perce chief

Question 25

Geronimo

Answer 25

Apache tribes, led by Geronimo, fought both the Mexicans & the Americans

Question 26

Ghost Dance

Answer 26

Aimed at peacefully ending white expansion through American Indian unity and was outlawed by the government

Question 27

Battle of Wounded Knee

Answer 27

200 Dakota Sioux (mostly women & kids) were killed by the U.S. Army. Participation in the Ghost Dance dropped dramatically

Question 28

Dawes Severalty Act

Answer 28

Dissolved many tribes as legal entities, wiped out tribal ownership of land, & set up individual American Indian heads of households with 160 acres of land. Citizenship was promised to western tribes

Question 29

Helldoradoes

Answer 29

Boomtowns that followed mining camps

Question 30

Homestead Act

Answer 30

Brought 500,000 people onto the Plains, but the 160 acres was hardly enough to sustain a family on the arid Great Plains

Question 31

Dry Farming

Answer 31

Frequent shallow cultivation, which formed the Great American Desert in the High Plains & helped bring on the Dust Bowl

Question 32

Helen H. Jackson

Answer 32

Wrote A Century of Dishonor about the plight of American Indians

Question 33

Frederick Jackson Turner

Answer 33

Frederick Jackson Turner’s 1893 essay discussed the frontier as a “safety valve” for the unemployed in cities. With the closing of the frontier, this safety valve was shut off

Question 34

Jacob Coxey’s Army

Answer 34

A wealthy Ohio quarry owner & Populist, set out for Washington, D.C. demanding that the govt. relieve unemployment with a public works program

Question 35

Pullman Strike

Answer 35

The Pullman Palace Car Co. cut wages by ⅓. Workers went on strike, overturning Pullman cars & paralyzing RR traffic out of Chicago. Federal troops sent in by Cleveland crushed the strike

Question 36

Eugene V. Debs

Answer 36

Head of the American Railway Union who was sentenced to 6 months in prison for defying an injunction order (he had issued the order to strike)

Question 37

McKinley vs. Bryan

Answer 37

Bryan advocated free silver, which he outlined in his “Cross of Gold” speech McKinley won the election, thanks to the urban voters & his “hard money” policy

Question 38

“Cross of Gold” speech

Answer 38

Bryan's speech in which he advocated free silver

Question 39

Gold Standard Act of 1900

Answer 39

Stated that paper currency could only be redeemed for gold. Signed by McKinley, this effectively stopped the fight for bimetallism