chapters 29 + 30

Question 1

causes of the war

Answer 1

Imperialism, militarism, nationalism, alliances

Question 2

Franz Ferdinand

Answer 2

Was sent by his uncle to attend a ceremony in Sarajevo, Bosnia. Terrorists from the nationalist group The Black Hand threw a bomb at Ferdinand’s car, but it bounced off. Later, as the Archduke’s car backed up after taking a wrong turn, an assassin fired on the Archduke & his wife, Sophie

Question 3

Gavrilo Princip

Answer 3

Assassin who killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife

Question 4

Wilhelm II

Answer 4

Germany’s Kaiser

Question 5

Franz Josef

Answer 5

Austro-Hungary’s Emperor

Question 6

Central Powers vs. Allies

Answer 6

Central Powers = Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

Allies = France, Britain, Russia (later Japan, Italy, & the U.S.)

Question 7

Woodrow Wilson

Answer 7

Wilson keeps us out of war

Wilson’s twin goals:
1. “A war to end all war.”
2. “A crusade to make the world safe for democracy.”

Question 8

Sussex Pledge

Answer 8

In return for ending unrestricted submarine warfare, the Germans wanted Britain to break the “hunger blockade,” which was preventing fertilizer from entering Germany

Question 9

unrestricted submarine warfare

Answer 9

Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare policy, resumed with gusto on 1/31/1917, targeted all ships, including America’s, in the war zone

Question 10

Zimmerman note

Answer 10

The German foreign secretary secretly proposed a German-Mexican alliance. The note was intercepted & published

Question 11

Russian Revolution

Answer 11

The aftermath meant that the Allies were all democracies (for the time being)

Question 12

Fourteen Points

Answer 12

The points included provisions for:
Abolition of secret treaties, freedom of the seas, removal of economic barriers between nations, reduction of armaments, adjustment of colonial claims in the interest of native people, self-determination for native people, a plan for a League of Nations (Wilson felt this was most vital)

Question 13

League of Nations

Answer 13

The U.S., which never joined the League of Nations, remained isolationist.

Question 14

Espionage & Sedition acts

Answer 14

The Espionage Act was used to target traitors, while the Sedition Act limited wartime free speech.

Question 15

propaganda campaign for the war

Answer 15

“Wheatless” Wednesdays, “Meatless” Tuesdays, etc. led to a 15% reduction in food consumption in America. People were urged to grow “Victory Gardens.” No ration cards

Question 16

NAWSA

Answer 16

President Wilson was finally won over by the less militant Carrie Chapman Catt of NAWSA, who pointed to women’s patriotism during the war.

Question 17

Alice Paul

Answer 17

Leader of National Women’s Party

Question 18

Carrie Chapman Catt

Answer 18

Leader of NAWSA

Question 19

19th Amendment

Answer 19

Gave women the right to vote

Question 20

18th Amendment

Answer 20

Congress passed restrictions on production of alcohol to save grains.

Question 21

Volstead Act

Answer 21

Passed in Oct. 1919 and went into effect in Jan. 1920. It was enacted to carry out the 18th Amendment.

Question 22

selective service

Answer 22

The U.S. government’s system for registering men for military service in case of a draft

Question 23

American Expeditionary Force

Answer 23

Led by General John J. Pershing and fought in France, Belgium, Italy, and Russia.

Question 24

“Big Four”

Answer 24

President Wilson, Prime Minister David Lloyd George (G.B.), Premier Georges Clemenceau (France), and Premier Vittorio Orlando (Italy).

Question 25

Versailles Treaty

Answer 25

Germany lost about 13.5% of its 1914 territory, the German army and navy were both limited, the Germans were initially charged $400 billion

Question 26

Henry Cabot Lodge & the Irreconcilables

Answer 26

Led opposition to the Versailles Treaty.

Question 27

Warren Harding

Answer 27

Won the election of 1920, perhaps aided by the fact that this was the first election in which women could vote and he was very handsome.

Question 28

isolationism

Answer 28

The U.S., which never joined the League of Nations, remained isolationist

Question 29

“red scare"

Answer 29

Resulted in a crusade against communists, socialists, & anarchists Because: Presence of a Communist Party in the U.S. following the Bolshevik Revolution, intense nationalism & nativism, an epidemic of strikes (blamed on communist influence)

Question 30

Palmer Raids

Answer 30

After a bomb exploded outside his home, Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer (“the Fighting Quaker”) round up suspected radicals (~6,000 in all). Agents raided gathering places of known radicals around the country. 4,000 were arrested for violating the Espionage & Sedition Acts

Question 31

criminal syndicalism laws

Answer 31

Made it unlawful to advocate violence to secure social change

Question 32

Sacco & Vanzetti

Answer 32

Nicola Sacco & Bartolomeo Vanzetti were convicted in 1921 of the murder of a MA paymaster and his guard. They were Italian-Americans, atheists, anarchists, & draft dodgers. The judge & jury were prejudiced. The men were convicted on circumstantial evidence. The two were electrocuted in 1927, becoming martyrs to the radical cause

Question 33

KKK

Answer 33

The Klan re-emerged in the 1920s: strongly nativist, anti-Catholc, anti-immigrant, anti-Jewish, anti-pacifist, anti-Communist, etc. The Klan called for “Americanization” of school texts, loyalty oaths for teachers, & immigration legislation

Question 34

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

Answer 34

Set a quota at 3% of the national origins base per the 1910 census

Question 35

Immigration Act of 1924

Answer 35

Lowered quotas from 3% to 2% and shifted the national origins base to the 1890 census

Question 36

problems with Prohibition

Answer 36

A new age of crime arose with wars between gangs. Bribery of police was common. Criminals made anywhere from $12-18 billion a year (about 3x the amount the govt. made). “Scarface” Al Capone made millions & was branded “Public Enemy No. 1”

Question 37

Scopes Trial (Bryan, Darrow, Scopes, fundamentalism vs. modernism)

Answer 37

The debate arose over what should be taught in America’s classrooms: evolution or creationism? William Jennings Bryan would serve as the prosecutor in the Scopes case. He was a Fundamentalist Christian. Clarence Darrow, a notorious radical & an agnostic, saw the trial as a public forum for attacking religion. He was the defense attorney in the Scopes case

Question 38

Henry Ford (Model T, Fordism, $5 day)

Answer 38

Did not invent the gasoline engine, but he revolutionized car production by the assembly line (Fordism) & paying workers $5/day. Ford’s Model T was very popular. By 1914, 500,000 had been produced

Question 39

the Wright Bros.

Answer 39

Kitty Hawk, NC, Dec. 17, 1903. [12 seconds, 120 ft.]

Question 40

Charles Lindbergh

Answer 40

“Lucky Lindy,” piloted his Spirit of St. Louis from NY to Paris in 33 hrs., 9 min.

Question 41

National Women’s Party (Alice Paul)

Answer 41

Alice Paul’s National Women’s Party began to campaign for the Equal Rights Amendment in 1923

Question 42

Margaret Sanger

Answer 42

Margaret Sanger led the birth control movement (advocating the use of condoms)

Question 43

“Lost Generation”

Answer 43

A new generation of writers in the “Lost Generation” questioned social convention & traditional authority

Question 44

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 44

The Harlem neighborhood in NYC showcased Black artists’ achievements in visual art, literature, jazz music, & performance art during the 1910-1935 time period

Question 45

United Negro Improvement Association (Marcus Garvey)

Answer 45

Marcus Garvey wanted to inspire Black Americans to better themselves & embrace their heritage Garvey sought to resettle some Black Americans in Africa using his company, the Black Star Line

Question 46

Andrew Mellon’s “spare the rich” policies

Answer 46

Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon shifted the tax burden onto the middle-income bracket. He believed that high taxes prevented the rich from investing in capital investments (e.g. factories) & instead in tax-exempt securities