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ANATOMY LECTURE > Chapter 22: Heart > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Types of blood vessels in the heart

A
  • Veins
  • Arteries
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2
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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3
Q

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

A

veins

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4
Q

the arteries and veins entering and leaving the heart are called:

A

great vessels

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5
Q

Blood flow through the heart is (unidirectional/bidirectional) because of four valves within the heart

A

Unidirectional

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6
Q

The heart generates _______ ______ through alternate cycles of the heart wall’s contraction and relaxation

A

Blood pressure

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7
Q

Define Blood Pressure

A

the force of blood pushing against the inside walls of blood vessels.

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8
Q

Two types of circulations within the cardiovascular system:

A
  1. Pulmonary
  2. Systemic
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9
Q

Describe Pulmonary Circulation

A

the right side of the heart and the pulmonary arteries and veins ciculates blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart.

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10
Q

Describe Systemic Circulation

A

the left side of the heart, arteries and veins circulate blood to most body tissues and back to the right side of the heart.

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11
Q

Describe where the heart is located in the body

A

slightly left of midline, deep to the sternum, in the mediastinum

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12
Q

The heart is enclosed within a tough sac called the ____________

A

pericardium

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13
Q

restricts heart movements so that it moves only slightly within the thorax

A

Pericardium

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14
Q

Two parts of the Pericardium

A
  • Fibrous pericardium
  • Serous pericardium
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15
Q

What is fibrous pericardium

A

outer layer covering of tough, dense CT

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16
Q

Two layers of serous pericardium:

A
  1. parietal layer
  2. visceral layer (epicardium)
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17
Q

Describe the parietal layer of serous pericardium

A

lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

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18
Q

Describe the visceral layer (epicardium) of serous pericardium

A

covers the outer surface of the heart

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19
Q

The small space between the parietal and visceral layers is called the ________ _________.

A

pericardial cavity

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20
Q

Three layers of the heart wall (superficial to deep)

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
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21
Q

Which heart wall layer consists of the visceral layer of the serous pericardium and areolar CT

A

Epicardium

22
Q

Which heart wall layer is made up of cardiac muscle and is the thickest of the three layers

A

Myocardium

23
Q

Which heart wall layer is the internal surface of the heart chambers and external surface of the heart valves

A

Endocardium

24
Q

Cone-shaped muscle projections inside the ventricle called ______ _______

A

papillary muscles

25
papillary muscles anchor thin strands of strong CT made up of collagen fibers called ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
chordae tendineae
26
\_\_\_\_\_\_ are triangular flaps that hang down into the ventricle.
Cusps
27
The ____ ventricular wall is usually three times thicker than the \_\_\_\_ventricular wall
left; right
28
Name the semilunar valves
Pulmonary and Aortic
29
Location of the fibrous skeleton of the heart
between the atria & ventricles
30
what is the composition of the fibrous skeleton of the heart
Dense, regular fibrous CT
31
What are the functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart
* Anchor heart valves by forming a supportive ring at their attachment points * Electrical insulation between atria and ventricles * Rigid framework for attachment of cardiac muscle cells
32
These arteries travel within the coronary sulcus and supply the heart wall muscle with oxygen and nutrients
right and left coronary arteries
33
Name of the only branches given off by the ascending aorta just superior to the semilunar valve:
coronary arteries
34
Right coronary artery branches into:
1. Marginal artery 2. Posterior interventricular artery
35
Left coronary artery branches into:
1. Anterior interventricular artery 2. Circumflex artery
36
Three veins that drain into the coronary sinus vein which drains into the right atrium
1. Great cardiac vein 2. Middle cardiac vein 3. Small cardiac vein
37
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is composed of cardiac muscle fibers which are striated & have many similarities to skeletal muscles
myocardium
38
What are the differences between cardiac and skeletal striated muscle?
* Cardiac: Less extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum with no terminal cisternae * Cardiac: Less extensive development of transverse tubules and reduced association of t-tubules with sarcoplasmic reticulum
39
Specialized cell-cell contact that electrically & mechanically link adjacent cells are called ___________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Intercalated Discs
40
Located within intercalated discs are:
Gap junctions
41
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ muscle fibers contract as a single unit because they are all connected with (_high/low)_ resistance cell-to-cell junctions that permits ion flow and allows action potentials to spread from one cell to the next.
Cardiac; low
42
Define **autorhythmicity**
The heart is capable of initiating its own heartbeat independent of external nerves
43
The electrical impulse that initiates the heartbeat
sinoatrial (SA) node or the pacemaker
44
Located on the posterior wall of the right atrium adjacent to the opening of the superior vena cava
SA node or pacemaker
45
SA node generates ____ to ____ impulses per minute at rest
70-80
46
Conducting system of the heart: 1) impulses from the SA node that travel to the left atrium and the ____________ \_\_\_\_ located in the floor of the _______ atrium.
atrioventricular node (AV) ; right
47
Conducting system of the heart: 2) Electrical activity leaves the AV node into the _____________ \_\_\_\_\_, which extends into the interventricular septum.
atrioventricular (AV) bundle
48
Conducting system of the heart: 3) Once within the septum, the AV bundle divides into:
left and right bundles
49
Conducting system of the heart: 4) Left and right bundles pass the impulse to conduction cell called ______ \_\_\_\_\_ that begin at the (_apex/base_) of the heart.
Purkinje fibers; apex
50
Conducting system of the heart: 5) The ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_ spread the impulse superiorly from the apex to all of the ventricular myocardium
Purkinje fibers

ANATOMY LECTURE (9 decks)

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