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ANATOMY LECTURE > Chapter 23: Vessels and Circulation > Flashcards

Chapter 23: Vessels and Circulation Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Three classes of blood vessels

A
  1. Arteries
  2. Capillaries
  3. Veins
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2
Q

Carries blood away from the heart and become progressively smaller as they branch and finally result in capillaries

A

Arteries

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3
Q

Return blood to the heart and become progressively larger as they merge and are closer to the heart

A

Veins

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4
Q

Connect arteries & veins and are thr site if all exchange

A

Capillaries

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5
Q

Three layers of arteries and veins (From outer to inner)

A
  1. Tunica externa
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica intima
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6
Q

Blood vessel tunics:
Composed of circularly arranged smooth muscle

A

Tunica media

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7
Q

Blood vessel tunics:

Connective tissue that helps anchor the blood vessel to an organ

A

tunica externa

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8
Q

_____ _______ run through the tunica externa, which are smaller arteries that supply the larger arteries.

A

vasa vasorum

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9
Q

Blood vessel tunics:

composed of an endothelium and a subendothelial layer of areolar CT

A

tunica intima

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10
Q

Compared with veins, arteries have (wider/narrower) lumen

A

Narrower

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11
Q

Compared with veins, arteries have (thicker/thinner) walls

A

thicker

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12
Q

What is the thickest tunic in arteries?

A

tunica media

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13
Q

What is the thickest tunic in veins?

A

tunica externa

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14
Q

Compared with veins, arteries have (more/less) elastic and collagen fibers in walls

A

more

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15
Q

______ have no valves, as seen in most _____

A

arteries; veins

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16
Q

Types of arteries

A
  1. Elastic
  2. Muscular
  3. Arteriole
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17
Q

Name the type of artery with the following characteristics:

  • Largest of the arteries (aorta, pulmonary, brachiocephalic, common carotids, subclavian)
A

Elastic arteries

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18
Q

Name the type of artery with the following characteristics:

Medium diameter arteries

A

Muscular arteries

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19
Q

Name the type of artery with the following characteristic:

  • Smallest arteries
A

Arterioles

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20
Q

Name the type of artery with the following characteristic:

Have less than six layers of smooth muscle in their tunica media

A

Arterioles

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21
Q

Name the type or artery with the folowing characteristics:

Most examples are near the heart

A

Elastic artery

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22
Q

Name the type or artery with the following characteristics:

present in all three tunics and allows these arteries to stretch under the increased pressure generated by blood flow from the heart

A

Elastic arteries

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23
Q

Name the type or artery with the folowing characteristics:

These arteries branch into muscular arteries

A

Elastic arteries

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24
Q

Name the type of artery with the following characteristic:

Possess internal and external elastic lamina

A

Muscular arteries

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25
**Name the type of artery with the following characteristic:** Thicker tunica media
Muscular arteries
26
**Name the type of artery with the following characteristic:** Vasoconstriction occurs resulting in elevation of blood pressure
Arterioles
27
**Name the type of artery with the following characteristic:** Vasodilation occurs resulting in the lowering of blood pressure
arterioles
28
**Which blood vessel has the following characteristic:** Smallest of blood vessels
Capillaries
29
**Which blood vessel has the following characteristic:** Diameter only slightly larger than an erythrocyte
Capillaries
30
**Which blood vessel has the following characteristic:** Wall consists soley of the tunica intima
Capillaries
31
**Which blood vessel has the following characteristic:** Only type of blood vessel where exchange can occur between blood and cells outside of the bloodstream
Capillaries
32
Capillaries form ______ beds
capillary
33
Capillary beds are fed by a __________ whose (_proximal/distal)_ end is surrounded by smooth muscles while the (_proximal/distal)_ end, called the _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, lacks smooth muscles
metarteriole; proximal; distal; thoroughfare channell
34
In capllary beds, the thoroughfare channell connects to a ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
postcapillary venule
35
In capillary beds, branches from the metarteriole that begin with a ring of smooth muscle on their walls are called ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
true capillaries
36
In capillary beds, the ring of smooth muscle called the ____________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, controls blood flow into the capillary.
Pre-capillary sphincter
37
Name the three types of capillaries
1. Continous 2. Fenestrated 3. Sinusoid
38
**Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:** most common type of capillary
continuous capillaries
39
**Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:** endothelial cells form a continous and complete lining with no holes aided by the presence of tight junctions
continuous capillaries
40
**Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:** examples: *muscles & CNS*
continuous capillaries
41
**Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:** endothelial cells possess small "holes" to allow fluid exchange between blood and interstitial fluid
fenestrated capillaries
42
**Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:** Example: small intestine
Fenestrated capillaries
43
**Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:** Example: most endocrine glands
Fenestrated capillaries
44
**Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:** Example: kidney
Fenestrated capillaries
45
**Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:** have big gaps between endothelial cells that promotes transport of large molecules and cells to an from the blood.
Sinusoid capillaries
46
**Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:** ​Example: bone marrow
Sinusoid capillaries
47
**Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:** Example: anterior pituitary
Sinusoid capillaries
48
**Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:** Example: Spleen
Sinusoid capillaries
49
**Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:** Example: Liver
Sinusoid capillaries
50
Pressure in (_arteries/veins)_ is much lower than in (_arteries/veins)_
veins; arteries
51
At rest, the body's veins hold about 60% of the body's blood. Thus, veins function as ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
vein reservoirs
52
What are ***venules?***
the smallest veins
53
Venules are companion vessels with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
arterioles
54
the smallest venules ae located at the (_proximal/distal)_ end of a capillary bed and are called ___________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
distal; postcapillary venules
55
Define ***diapedesis***
the migration of leukocytes from the bloodstream to the body
56
This phenomenon occurs through the walls of the postcapillary venules
diapedesis
57
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ merge to form veins
Venules
58
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are larger than venules
Veins
59
Smaller and medium sized veins travel with (_elastic/muscular/arterioles)_ arteries.
muscular
60
Large veins travel with (_elastic/muscular/arterioles)_​ arteries
elastic
61
Why are valves present in veins?
because blood pressure in veins is too low to overcome the forces of gravity
62
In veins, valves are formed from the tunica (_externa/media/intima)_ and prevent blood from pooling in the limbs
intima
63
Describe a **skeletal muscle pump**
Blood pumps toward the heart as skeletal muscles contract.
64
Contractions of the heart produce oscillations in blood pressure that are felt as the \_\_\_\_\_\_
pulse
65
Maximum pressure occurs during contraction of the heart and is called \_\_\_\_\_\_
systolic
66
Minimum pressure occurs while heart is filling and is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
diastolic
67
What are the typical values of systolic/diastolic
120/80 mm Hg

ANATOMY LECTURE (9 decks)

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