Chapter 23: Occlusal and Localization Techniques

Question 1

Define the term: fracture

Answer 1

the breaking of a part (appears as a thin radiolucent line)

Question 2

Define the term: intraoral

Answer 2

inside the mouth

Question 3

Define the term: intraoral imaging examination

Answer 3

a dental imaging inspection of teeth and intraoral adjacent structures

Question 4

Define the term: occlusal examination

Answer 4

a type of intraoral examination used to inspect large areas of the maxilla or mandible in one image

Question 5

What angulation is used when trying to localize vertically aligned objects?

Answer 5

horizontal angulation

Question 6

When using the buccal object rule, if the object being localized has moved in the same direction as the shift of the position-indicating device, how is that object positioned?

Answer 6

lingually

Question 7

Define the term: vertical

Answer 7

an up-and-down plane

Question 8

Define the term: position-indicating device (PID) / cone

Answer 8

• an open-ended, lead-lined cylinder extending from the opening of the tubehead

*aims and shapes the x-ray beam

Question 9

Define the term: periapical

Answer 9

around the apex of a tooth

Question 10

Define the term: angulation

Answer 10

the alignment of the central x-ray beam in the horizontal and vertical planes

Question 11

How is the patient’s head and midsaggital plane positioned for maxillary occlusal exposures?

Answer 11

with the maxillary arch parallel to the floor and the midsagittal plane plane perpendicular to the floor

Question 12

Define the term: maxillary topographic occlusal projection

Answer 12

a type of occlusal projection used to examine the palate and anterior teeth of the maxilla

Question 13

Define the term: vertical angulation

Answer 13

the positioning of the position-indicating device in a vertical plane

Question 14

Define the term: intraoral receptor

Answer 14

an image receptor is placed inside the mouth during x-ray exposure to examine teeth and supporting structures

Question 15

List the three types of mandibular occlusal projections.

Answer 15

• mandibular topographic occlusal projection
• mandibular cross-sectional occlusal projection
• mandibular pediatric occlusal projection

Question 16

Define the term: occlusal receptor

Answer 16

an image receptor is placed intraorally so that the patient occludes on the receptor in order to examine large areas of the maxilla or mandible

Question 17

Define the term: maxillary teeth

Answer 17

teeth located in the maxilla or upper arch

Question 18

Define the term: occlusal technique

Answer 18

the method used to expose a receptor in occlusal examination

Question 19

Which localization technique is commonly used to locate objects in the mandible?

Answer 19

the right angle technique

Question 20

Define the term: image receptor

Answer 20

a recording medium (ex: PSP plate, digital sensor)

Question 21

What is the correct vertical angulation for a maxillary lateral occlusal projection?

Answer 21

+60 degrees

Question 22

Define the term: central ray (CR)

Answer 22

the central portion of the primary beam of x-radiation

Question 23

Define the term: anterior

Answer 23

towards the front

Question 24

Define the term: mandibular topographic occlusal projection

Answer 24

a type of occlusal projection used to examine the anterior teeth of the mandible

Question 25

Define the term: mandibular cross-sectional occlusal projection

Answer 25

a type of occlusal projection used to examine the buccal and lingual aspects of the mandible and locate foreign bodies in the floor of the mouth

Question 26

Define the term: maxilla

Answer 26

the upper jaw

Question 27

Define the term: mandibular teeth

Answer 27

teeth located in the mandible or lower arch

Question 28

Define the term: anterior teeth

Answer 28

central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines/cuspids

Question 29

Define the term: buccal object rule

Answer 29

* a method used to illustrate the orientation of structures portrayed in two images exposed at different angulations * used to determine the buccal-lingual relationship of an object

Question 30

Define the term: mandible

Answer 30

the lower jaw

Question 31

What is the correct vertical angulation for a mandibular cross-sectional occlusal projection?

Answer 31

90 degrees

Question 32

Define the term: posterior

Answer 32

towards the back

Question 33

Define the term: localization techniques

Answer 33

method used to locate the position of a tooth or object in the jaws

Question 34

Define the term: endodontics

Answer 34

the branch of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the dental pulp

Question 35

Define the term: maxillary pediatric occlusal projection

Answer 35

a type of occlusal projection used to examine the anterior teeth of the maxilla used in children 5 years or younger

Question 36

What is the correct vertical angulation for a maxillary pediatric occlusal projection?

Answer 36

+60 degrees

Question 37

What is the correct vertical angulation for a mandibular topographic occlusal projection?

Answer 37

-55 degrees

Question 38

Define the term: superior

Answer 38

describes an area that is higher on a vertical axis

Question 39

When using the buccal object rule, if the object being localized has moved in the opposite direction as the shift of the position-indicating device, how is that object positioned?

Answer 39

buccaly

Question 40

Define the term: exposure

Answer 40

a measure of ionization produced in air by x-radiation or gamma radiation

Question 41

Define the term: occlusal

Answer 41

the chewing surfaces of posterior teeth

Question 42

Define the term: maxillary lateral occlusal projection

Answer 42

a type of occlusal projection used to examine the palatal roots of molar teeth and locate foreign bodies or lesions in the posterior maxilla

Question 43

What is the "SLOB" rule?

Answer 43

Same = Lingual / Opposite = Buccal

Question 44

Define the term: endodontic

Answer 44

found within a tooth

Question 45

Define the term: mandibular pediatric occlusal projection

Answer 45

a type of occlusal projection used to examine the anterior teeth of the mandible in children aged 5 years or younger

Question 46

Define the term: endodontic patient

Answer 46

a patient who has undergone endodontic therapy

Question 47

Define the term: periapical examination

Answer 47

a type of intraoral imaging examination used to view the entire tooth *(crown and root)* and supporting bone

Question 48

When using the occlusal technique, how is the image receptor stabilized during exposure?

Answer 48

by the patient gently biting on the surface of the image receptor

Question 49

Define the term: gutta percha

Answer 49

rubberlike material used in endodontic therapy to fill the pulp canals and pulp chamber *(appears radiopaque)*

Question 50

List the two types of localization techniques.

Answer 50

* buccal object rule * right angle technique

Question 51

What angulation is used when trying to localize horizontally aligned objects?

Answer 51

vertical angulation

Question 52

What is the correct vertical angulation for a mandibular pediatric occlusal projection?

Answer 52

-55 degrees

Question 53

Define the term: x-ray beam angulation

Answer 53

one of the influencing factors for image distortion that refers to the direction of the x-ray beam

Question 54

Define the term: intraoral image

Answer 54

* an image the results when an image receptor is placed inside the mouth and exposed to x-rays * used to examine teeth

Question 55

List the three types of maxillary occlusal projections.

Answer 55

* maxillary topographic occlusal projection * maxillary lateral occlusal projection * maxillary pediatric occlusal projection

Question 56

Define the term: inferior

Answer 56

describes an area that is lower on a vertical axis

Question 57

What is the correct vertical angulation for a maxillary topographic occlusal projection?

Answer 57

+ 65 degrees

Question 58

Define the term: posterior teeth

Answer 58

first and second premolars/bicuspids, and first, second and third molars

Question 59

When using the occlusal technique, how is the image receptor positioned?

Answer 59

the image receptor is placed with the tube side facing the arch that is being exposed, with the receptor between the occlusal surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth