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DANB RHS Exam > Chapter 25: Panoramic Imaging > Flashcards

Chapter 25: Panoramic Imaging Flashcards

Principles, Equipment and Guidelines of Panoramic Imaging (66 cards)

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1
Q

List the three main components of the panoramic machine.

A
  • x-ray tubehead
  • head positioner
  • exposure controls
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2
Q

Define the term: edentulous patient

A

a patient without teeth

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3
Q

Define the term: radiolucency

A

an area on a dental image appears radiolucent ((dark/black) due to readily allowing the passage of the x-ray beam so that more x-rays reach the image receptor

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4
Q

If the patient’s teeth are incorrectly positioned anterior to the focal trough, how does the image appear?

A

the anterior teeth appear narrow and distorted and a pronounced overlap of the premolars occur

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5
Q

Define the term: maxillary sinuses

A

paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla and located superior to the maxillary posterior teeth (appear radiolucent)

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6
Q

How should the patient position their lips during a panoramic exposure?

A

closed around the bite block

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7
Q

How do the structures located within the focal trough appear?

A

well-defined

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8
Q

Which part(s) of the head positioner stabilizes the patient’s anterior-posterior plane?

A

the chin rest and bite block

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9
Q

Does the panoramic tubehead rotate behind or in front of the patient’s head?

A

behind

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10
Q

Define the term: extraoral receptor

A

an image receptor is placed outside the mouth to examine large areas of the skull or jaws

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11
Q

Define the term: sinus

A

a hollow space, cavity, or recess in bone (appears radiolucent)

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12
Q

How do you prevent a ghost image from occurring on a panoramic image?

A

instruct the patient to remove all radiodense objects in the head or neck region prior to exposure

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13
Q

Define the term: Frankfort plane

A

the imaginary plane that intersects the orbital rim of the eye and opening of the ear

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14
Q

Why is a panoramic image contraindicated when diagnosing caries, periodontal disease, or periapical lesions?

A

the images are not as defined or sharp as intraoral images

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15
Q

Define the term: dentition

A

the character of a set of teeth, including their number, kind, and location/arrangement

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16
Q

How should the patient position their tongue during a panoramic exposure?

A

against the palate

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17
Q

Define the term: posterior

A

towards the back

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18
Q

Define the term: panoramic receptor

A

an image receptor used in panoramic examinations that show a wide view of the maxilla and mandible

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19
Q

Should a thyroid collar be used when exposing a panoramic image?

A

No

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20
Q

Define the term: mandible

A

the lower jaw

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21
Q

Define the term: focal trough / image layer

A

a three-dimensional curved zone in which structures are clearly demonstrated on a panoramic image

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22
Q

Define the term: contrast

A
  • how sharply dark and light areas are differentiated or separated on an image
  • the difference in the degrees of blackness (densities) between adjacent areas on a dental image
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23
Q

Define the term: density

A

the overall darkness or blackness of an image

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24
Q

Define the term: maxilla

A

the upper jaw

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25
Define the term: edentulous
* without teeth * an area where teeth are no longer present
26
Define the term: midsagittal plane
an imaginary line or plane passing through the center of the body that divides it into right and left halves
27
Define the term: radiolucent
the portion of an image that is dark or black, due to the structure readily permitting the passage of the x-ray beam and allowing more x-rays to reach the image receptor
28
Define the term: non-diagnostic image
an image that is not diagnostically accurate due to technique errors and must be retaken
29
List the advantages of panoramic imaging.
* more anatomic structures are viewed on a panoramic image versus intraoral images * the panoramic exposure is simple to learn * easy patient cooperation * minimal exposure to x-radiation
30
Define the term: radiopaque
the portion of an image that is light or white, due to the structure resisting the passage of the x-ray beam and limiting the amount of x-rays that reach the receptor
31
Define the term: panoramic image
an image that shows the wide view of the maxilla and the mandible surrounding structures
32
Define the term: extraoral image
* an image that results when an image receptor is placed outside the mouth and is exposed to x-rays * used to examine large areas of the skull or jaws
33
Define the term: ghost image
an artifact on a dental image produced when a radiodense object *(ex: earring)* is penetrated twice by the x-ray beam *(appears radiopaque)*
34
Define the term: head positioner
* one of the component parts of a panoramic unit that is used to position and stabilize the patient's head * includes a chin rest, notched bite-block, forehead rest, and lateral head supports
35
What is the typical exposure time of a panoramic image?
10-30 seconds
36
Define the term: double image
results when an anatomic structure that is located behind the moving rotation center is penetrated twice by the x-ray beam
37
How does a panoramic collimator differ from an intraoral collimator?
the panoramic is a lead plate with an opening in the shape of a narrow slit, while an intraoral collimator is a lead plate with a small round or rectangular opening
38
List some disadvantages of panoramic imaging.
* the image quality is not as sharp as intraoral images * objects outside the focal trough cannot be viewed * dimensional distortion can easily occur * high equipment cost
39
Define the term: body of the mandible
the U-shaped horizontal portion of the mandible that extends from ramus to ramus
40
Define the term: spine
a sharp, thornlike projection of bone *(appears radiopaque)*
41
Define the term: radiopacity / radiodensity
an area on a dental image appearing radiopaque *(light/white)* due to resisting the passage of the x-ray beam and limiting the amount of x-rays that reach the image receptor
42
Define the term: exposure
a measure of ionization produced in air by x-radiation or gamma radiation
43
If the patient's teeth are incorrectly positioned posterior to the focal trough, how does the image appear?
the teeth appear widened and distorted and the roots of the anterior teeth may be cut off
44
True or false: The vertical angulation of the panoramic tubehead does not vary.
True
45
Define the term: hyoid bone
a horseshoe-shaped bone that lies below the mandible, between the chin and thyroid cartilage *(appears radiopaque on a panoramic image)*
46
Define the term: nasal cavity / nasal fossa
a pear-shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla *(appears radiolucent)*
47
Define the term: distortion
* a geometric characteristic that refers to a variation in the true size and shape of the object being imaged * influenced by object-receptor alignment and the vertical angulation of the x-ray beam
48
Define the term: ramus
vertical portion of the mandible that is found posterior to the third molar
49
Define the term: rotation center
in panoramic imaging, the axis or pivotal point on which the image receptor and the x-ray tubehead rotate around the patient
50
Define the term: extraoral imaging
an inspection of large areas of the skull or jaws that requires the use of extraoral imaging receptors
51
How do the structures located outside the focal trough appear?
blurred or indistinct
52
How does the panoramic image appear if the patient's head is incorrectly turned during exposure?
the side of the head farthest from the receptor appears magnified and the side of the head closest to the receptor appear smaller
53
Define the term: exposure factors
factors that influence the density of an image *(ex: milliamperage, kilovoltage, exposure time)*
54
Define the term: anterior
towards the front
55
What is the cause of a ghost image error on a panoramic image?
any radiodense materials were not removed prior to exposure
56
Define the term: mandibular condyle
a rounded projection of bone extending from the posterosuperior border of the ramus of the mandible
57
List the six anatomic requirements of a diagnostic panoramic image.
* dentition * ramus and cervical spine * nasal cavity and maxillary sinus * body of the mandible * mandibular condyle * hyoid bone
58
Does the panoramic receptor rotate behind or in front of the patient's head?
in front of
59
Define the term: extraoral
outside the mouth
60
Define the term: dentulous
* with teeth * areas that exhibit teeth
61
Define the term: panoramic
a wide view
62
Define the term: real image
in panoramic imaging, the image that is recorded when a structure is located between the receptor and the moving rotation center
63
Which part(s) of the head positioner stabilize the patient's vertical and horizontal planes?
the lateral head supports
64
Define the term: edentulous zone
an area where teeth are no longer present
65
Define the term: sharpness
* refers to the capability of the image receptor to reproduce the distinct outlines of an object * influenced by focal spot size and movement
66
Define the term: panoramic imaging
an extraoral technique used to examine the upper and lower jaws on a single image

DANB RHS Exam (26 decks)

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