Chapters 18, 24: Introduction to Dental Imaging Exams & Imaging Patients with Special Needs Flashcards
Types of Intraoral and Extraoral Imaging Exams, Modifications to Imaging Techniques (111 cards)
1
Q
Define the term: right-angle technique
A
a localization technique in which the orientation of structures can be seen in two images (one periapical and one occlusal)
2
Q
Define the term: intraoral image
A
- an image the results when an image receptor is placed inside the mouth and exposed to x-rays
- used to examine teeth
3
Q
Define the term: temporomandibular joint tomography
A
an extraoral imaging technique used to examine the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
4
Q
Define the term: three-dimensional digital imaging
A
an image that demonstrates structures in three dimensions
5
Q
Define the term: intraoral
A
inside the mouth
6
Q
Which image receptor placement area is most likely to elicit the gag reflex?
A
maxillary molars
7
Q
Define the term: occlusal examination
A
a type of intraoral examination used to inspect large areas of the maxilla or mandible in one image
8
Q
Define the term: dental pediatrics
A
the branch of dentistry dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of dental diseases in children
9
Q
Define the term: periapical image
A
intraoral image that is used to examine the crowns and roots of teeth
10
Q
Define the term: non-diagnostic image
A
an image that is not diagnostically accurate due to technique errors and must be retaken
11
Q
Define the term: physical disability
A
a physical impairment involving vision, hearing, or mobility
12
Q
List the landmark requirements for a diagnostic image of mandibular incisors.
A
- the entire crowns and roots of all four mandibular incisors, including the apices and surrounding structures
- the contacts between the central incisors and the central and lateral incisors
13
Q
Define the term: developmental disability
A
a substantial impairment of mental or physical functioning that occurs before age 22 and is of indefinite duration
14
Q
Define the term: extraoral imaging
A
an inspection of large areas of the skull or jaws that requires the use of extraoral imaging receptors
15
Q
Define the term: mandibular pediatric occlusal projection
A
a type of occlusal projection used to examine the anterior teeth of the mandible in children aged 5 years or younger
16
Q
Define the term: edentulous
A
- without teeth
- an area where teeth are no longer present
17
Q
Define the term: posterior teeth
A
first and second premolars/bicuspids, and first, second and third molars
18
Q
When imaging posterior teeth, is the intraoral image receptor placed vertically or horizontally?
A
horizontally
19
Q
Define the term: maxilla
A
the upper jaw
20
Q
Define the term: lateral jaw projection- ramus of the mandible
A
an extraoral projection used to image the ramus of the mandible in order to evaluate impacted third molars, large lesions, and fractures that extend into the ramus of the mandible
21
Q
Define the term: intraoral imaging examination
A
a dental imaging inspection of teeth and intraoral adjacent structures
22
Q
Define the term: periapical
A
around the apex of a tooth
23
Q
List the landmark requirements for a diagnostic image of mandibular molars.
A
- the entire crowns and roots of the first, second, and third molars, including the apices, alveolar crests, contact areas, and surrounding structures
- the distal contact of the mandibular second premolar
24
Q
Define the term: image receptor placement
A
the specific area where the image receptor must be positioned before exposure
25
Define the term: torus *(plural: tori)*
a bony growth in the oral cavity
26
Define the term: Waters projection
an extraoral projection used to evaluate the maxillary sinus area
27
List the landmark requirements for a diagnostic image of a maxillary canine.
* the entire crown and root, including the apex and surrounding structures
* the interproximal alveolar bone and mesial contact of the canine
*the lingual cusp of the first premolar cannot obscure the distal contact of the canine
28
Define the term: maxillary topographic occlusal projection
a type of occlusal projection used to examine the palate and anterior teeth of the maxilla
29
Define the term: dental imaging
the creation of digital representation of anatomic structures for the purpose of diagnosis
30
Define the term: mandibular torus / torus mandibularis
a bony growth seen along the lingual aspect of the mandible
31
List the landmark requirements for a diagnostic image of a mandibular canine.
* the entire crown and root, including the apex and surrounding structures
* the interproximal alveolar bone and mesial and distal contacts of the canine
32
Define the term: bisecting technique
* an intraoral imaging technique used to expose periapical receptors
* the image receptor is placed along the lingual surface of the tooth, the central ray of the x-ray beam is directed perpendicular to the imaginary bisector formed by the image receptor and the long axis of the tooth
* receptor holder is used to stabilize the image receptor
33
Define the term: tooth-bearing areas
regions of the maxilla and mandible in which the 32 teeth of the human dentition are normally located
34
Define the term: panoramic image
an image that shows the wide view of the maxilla and the mandible surrounding structures
35
When imaging anterior teeth, is the intraoral image receptor placed vertically or horizontally?
vertically
36
Define the term: endodontic
found within a tooth
37
Define the term: panoramic imaging
an extraoral technique used to examine the upper and lower jaws on a single image
38
List the landmark requirements for a diagnostic image of maxillary premolars.
* the entire crowns and roots of the first and second premolar and first molar, including the apices, alveolar crests, contact areas, and surrounding structures
* the distal contact of the maxillary canine
39
Define the term: endodontic patient
a patient who has undergone endodontic therapy
40
Define the term: image interpretation
* an explanation of what is viewed on a dental image
* the ability to read what is revealed by a dental image
41
Define the term: interproximal examination
an intraoral inspection used to examine the crowns of both maxillary and mandibular teeth on a single image
42
Define the term: occlusal receptor
an image receptor is placed intraorally so that the patient occludes on the receptor in order to examine large areas of the maxilla or mandible
43
Define the term: extraoral
outside the mouth
44
List the landmark requirements for a diagnostic image of maxillary molars.
* the entire crowns and roots of the first, second, and third molars, including the apices, alveolar crests, contact areas, tuberosity region, and surrounding structures
* the distal contact of the maxillary second premolar
45
Define the term: parallel
moving or lying in the same plane; always separated by the same distance and not intersecting
46
Define the term: psychogenic stimuli
stimuli originating from the mind
47
Define the term: cone beam computed tomography **(CBCT)**
computer-assisted digital imaging in dentistry that uses a cone-shaped x-ray beam to acquire information and present it in three dimensions
48
Define the term: mandibular teeth
teeth located in the mandible or lower arch
49
In order to prevent the gag reflex at the beginning of your exposure sequence, what area of the mouth should you begin?
anterior region
50
Define the term: disability
a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual's major life activities
51
Define the term: Reverse Towne projection
an extraoral projection used to identify fractures of the condylar neck or ramus area
52
Define the term: tomogram
an extraoral image used to examine the bony components of the temporomandibular joint **(TMJ)**
53
Define the term: periapical examination
a type of intraoral imaging examination used to view the entire tooth *(crown and root)* and supporting bone
54
Define the term: pediatric patient
child patient
55
List the three types of intraoral imaging examinations.
* periapical examination
* interproximal examination
* occlusal examination
56
Define the term: mandibular cross-sectional occlusal projection
a type of occlusal projection used to examine the buccal and lingual aspects of the mandible and locate foreign bodies in the floor of the mouth
57
Define the term: image receptor
a recording medium *(ex: PSP plate, digital sensor)*
58
Define the term: posteroanterior projection
an extraoral projection of the skull used to evaluate facial growth, trauma, diseases, and developmental abnormalities
59
Define the term: horizontal bite-wing
the bite-wing receptor is placed in the mouth with the long portion of the receptor in a horizontal direction
60
What is the possible solution to attain a diagnostic image on a patient with an extreme gag reflex and who cannot tolerate conventional imaging procedures?
extraoral imaging
61
Define the term: localization techniques
method used to locate the position of a tooth or object in the jaws
62
Define the term: digital image
an image composed of pixels
63
Define the term: mandible
the lower jaw
64
List examples of how to manage a patient with a hypersensitive gag reflex.
* maintain a positive attitude
* complete proper patient and equipment preparations before exposure
* determine proper exposure sequence
* determine proper image receptor placement and imaging technique
65
Define the term: vertical
an up-and-down plane
66
List the two imaging techniques used to capture a periapical image.
* paralleling technique
* bisecting technique
67
Define the term: tactile stimuli
stimuli originating from touch
68
Define the term: soft palate
the fleshy, movable posterior portion of the roof of the mouth separating the mouth and the phaynx
69
Define the term: bite-wing receptor
an intraoral image receptor used to examine the crowns of both maxillary and mandibular teeth on one image
70
Define the term: adjacent / proximal
objects next to/touching each other
71
Define the term: edentulous zone
an area where teeth are no longer present
72
Define the term: posterior
towards the back
73
Define the term: dental image
a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object produced by the passage of x-rays through teeth and supporting structures
74
Define the term: bite-wing image
intraoral image that is used to examine the interproximal surfaces of teeth
75
Define the term: beam alignment device
* a device used to align the position-indicating device in relation to tooth and image receptor
* positions the intraoral image receptor in the mouth and retains the image receptor in position during exposure
* helps stabilize the image receptor in the mouth and reduces the chances of movement, thus reducing the patient's exposure to x-radiation
76
Define the term: panoramic
a wide view
77
Define the term: maxillary teeth
teeth located in the maxilla or upper arch
78
Define the term: bite-wing technique / interproximal technique
an intraoral imaging technique in which the interproximal surfaces of teeth are examined
79
Define the term: gag reflex / pharyngeal reflex
gagging that is elicited by stimulation of the sensitive tissues of the soft palate region
80
Define the term: endodontics
the branch of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the dental pulp
81
Define the term: diagnostic image
a dental image that allows for the identifying and monitoring of diseases or injuries
82
Define the term: gutta percha
rubberlike material used in endodontic therapy to fill the pulp canals and pulp chamber *(appears radiopaque)*
83
What imaging technique is used for occlusal examinations?
occlusal technique
84
What is the most common imaging technique used for edentulous patients?
panoramic imaging
85
Define the term: digital imaging
a system of filmless imaging used to capture an image using a sensor, breaking it into electronic pieces, and presenting and storing the image using a computer
86
Define the term: lateral jaw projection- body of the mandible
an extraoral projection used to evaluate the posterior body of the mandible in order to evaluate impacted teeth, fractures, and lesions located in the body of the mandible
87
Define the term: vertical bite-wing
the bite-wing receptor is placed in the mouth with the long portion of the receptor in a vertical direction
88
Define the term: paralleling technique / extension cone paralleling **(XCP)** technique / right-angle technique / long-cone technique
* an intraoral imaging technique used to expose periapical receptors, where the receptor is placed parallel to the long axis of the tooth, the central ray is directed perpendicular to the receptor and the long axis of the tooth
* a beam alignment device must be used to keep the receptor parallel to the long axis to the tooth
89
extraoral receptor
an image receptor is placed outside the mouth to examine large areas of the skull or jaws
90
Define the term: maxillary lateral occlusal projection
a type of occlusal projection used to examine the palatal roots of molar teeth and locate foreign bodies or lesions in the posterior maxilla
91
Define the term: interproximal
between two adjacent surfaces
92
Define the term: full mouth series **(FMX)** / complete mouth series **(CMS)**
an intraoral series of dental images that show all of the tooth-bearing areas of the upper and lower jaws
93
Why do edentulous patients still require dental imaging?
* to detect the presence of root tips, impacted teeth, and lesions
* to identify objects imbedded in bone
* to establish the position of anatomic landmarks relative to the crest of the alveolar ridge
* to observe the quality and quantity of the remaining bone
94
Define the term: diagnosis
identification of a disease by examination or analysis
95
Define the term: mandibular topographic occlusal projection
a type of occlusal projection used to examine the anterior teeth of the mandible
96
Define the term: periapical receptor
an intraoral image receptor used to examine the entire tooth *(crown and root)* and supporting bone
97
Define the term: maxillary pediatric occlusal projection
a type of occlusal projection used to examine the anterior teeth of the maxilla used in children 5 years or younger
98
Define the term: maxillary torus / torus palatinus
a nodular mass of bone along the midline of the hard palate
99
Define the term: occlusal technique
the method used to expose a receptor in occlusal examination
100
What are the two precipitating factors that elicit the gag reflex?
* psychogenic stimuli
* tactile stimuli
101
Define the term: gagging
the strong involuntary effort to vomit
102
Define the term: intraoral receptor
an image receptor is placed inside the mouth during x-ray exposure to examine teeth and supporting structures
103
Define the term: exposure sequence
a defined order to place and expose intraoral receptors
104
Define the term: transcranial projection
an extraoral projection used to evaluate the superior surface of the condyle and the articular eminence or to evaluate the movement of the condyle when the mouth is opened and to compare joint spaces
105
Define the term: image receptor holder
a device used to hold an intraoral image receptor in the mouth and stabilize the receptor's position during the exposure
106
Define the term: edentulous patient
a patient without teeth
107
Define the term: lateral cephalometric projection
an extraoral image that is used to determine facial growth and development, trauma, disease, and developmental abnormalities
108
List the landmark requirements for a diagnostic image of maxillary incisors.
* the entire crowns and roots of all four maxillary incisors, including the apices and surrounding structures
* the interproximal alveolar bone between the central incisors and the central and lateral incisors
109
List the landmark requirements for a diagnostic image of mandibular premolars.
* the entire crowns and roots of the first and second premolars and the first molar, including the apices, alveolar crests, contact areas, and surrounding structures
* the distal contact of the mandibular canine
110
Define the term: perpendicular
intersecting at or forming right angles
111
Define the term: extraoral image
* an image that results when an image receptor is placed outside the mouth and is exposed to x-rays
* used to examine large areas of the skull or jaws
