Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A & P II > Chapter 26- Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 26- Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the gonads in females?

A

Ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are reproductive cells capable of fertilization immediately after leaving our gonads?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is taking a woman’s temperature a low-tech way if identifying time of ovulation?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Two major components of the reproductive cycle

A

Ovarian and uterine cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In what phase does repair to the endometrium occur following menses?

A

Rising estrogens causing the proliferative phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two main muscles that control the distance of the testes from the body? Why are they important?

A

Cremaster and dartos muscles

Control and maintain optimal temperature for sperm production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens at puberty to the remainder of the primordial follicles that will not be ovulated?

A

Atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Erection of the penis is accomplished by increasing blood flow to what parts?

A

The corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do the uterine tubes do?

A

Responsible for movement of fertilized embryo to uterus

Secrete nutrients for spermatozoa

Secrete mucins

Secrete nutrients for the fertilized embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What hormone most directly controls the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

A

Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the muscular portion of the uterus that provides the force during childbirth?

A

Myometeium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does mitosis create?

A

2 identical daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does meiosis create?

A

4 cells with half the DNA of the parental cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do spermatozoa complete capacitation?

A

In the uterine tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What structure secretes a fluid that lunricates the glans penis before ejaculation?

A

Bulbourethral glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are female gametes called at the earliest stage of development?

A

Primordial follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the difference between the products of meiosis in males versus females?

A

Females produce one gamete a month that we call an ovum. Process is called oogenesis and is different than spermatogenesis and that only one egg is produced while males produce a half billion sperm per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the structures that gametes progress through as they develop in a male?

A

Primary spermatocyte-> secondary soermatocyte-> spermatid-> spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the spermatic cord?

A

Tube extending from the scrotum. Houses ductus deferens, blood and lymph vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

At what temperature does sperm development occur?

A

1.1 degrees Celsius LOWER than normal body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of testes?

A

Location of spermatozoa productions and secretion of androgen hormones, primarily testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is produced from interstitial (Leydig) cells and where are they located?

A

Produce androgens

Located in connective tissue around seminiferous tubules in testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

Process in which gametes are produced

24
Q

What is spermiogenesis?

A

Process of spermatozoa maturation

Involves shape and size change

25
What is spermiation?
Spermatozoon loses attachment to nurse cell, enters seminiferous tubule Spermatozoa are functionally immature and incapable of fertilization
26
What is the functions of nurse, or Sertoli, cells?
Promote spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis Maintain blood-testis barrier Secrete inhibin Secrete androgen bonding protein and Mullerian inhibiting factor
27
What is the function of the epididymis?
Site of spermatozoa maturation and storage
28
What is capacitation?
When sperm becomes fully capable of fertilization Become motile when in contact with secretions from seminal glands, fully capacitated when in female reproductive tract
29
What is the ejaculatory duct?
Short duct that receives sperm from ductus deferens. Travels through prostate on its way to urethra Also location of seminal vesicle
30
What is the urethra?
Belongs to both the reproductive and urinary systems. Transports both urine and semen Three parts include the prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra
31
What are the three accessories glands of the male reproductive system?
Seminal vesicles – secrete seminal fluid that makes up 60% of semen volume Prostate - contracts during ejaculation and squeezes prostatic secretions into prostatic urethra Bulbourethral glands – secrete a thick, alkaline mucus that neutralizes acidic urine remaining in urethra in response to sexual stimulation. Also lubricates the glans penis
32
What are the effects of capital LH & FSH in the male reproductive system?
LH Stimulates interstitial cells to begin producing testosterone. FSH stimulates sustentacular cells to secrete androgen binding protein and inhibin hormone
33
How does GnRH secretion differ in males and females?
In females, GnRH pulse frequency changes over the course of the ovarian cycle controlled by estrogen and progesterone. In males it is secreted in pulses in 60 to 90 minute intervals, controls secretion of FSH and LH
34
What limits side to side movement and rotation of uterus
The broad ligament, attaches to sides and floor of pelvic cavity
35
How are the ovaries held in place?
The mesovarium, ovarian ligament and suspensory ligament’s hold them in place
36
What are the functions of the ovaries
Functions to produce female gametes, secrete female sex hormones (estrogens, progestin, relaxin) and secretion of inhibin
37
What is oogenesis? When does it begin, accelerate and end?
Process in which female gametes are produced Begins at birth, accelerated at puberty and ends at menopause
38
What is the path that oocytes travel as they mature in the ovary and after ovulation?
Primary oocytes are located in primary follicles. Midway through cycle oocyte moves into Central chamber of follicle and completes meiosis one. Ova detach from follicular wall. Secondary oocyte with corona radiata are released into fallopian tube and then uterine tube
39
What is the follicular phase of Ovarian cycle?
The follicular or proliferative phase is day one through 14 and is pre-ovulatory. Phase in which follicles of the ovary mature and ends with ovulation
40
What is the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?
This phase is post ovulatory and extends from day 14 to 28. Ruptured follicle closes after releasing the egg and forms the corpus luteum which produces increasing quantities of progesterone
41
In each ovarian cycle several primordial follicles will begin maturing but only one ends up being ovulated. What happens to the others?
Empty follicles collapse and ruptured vessels bleed into the antrum
42
What are the three parts of the uterine tubes
Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus
43
What are the 4 parts of the uterus?
Fundus Uterine body Cervix Cervical canal
44
How do ovulated ova end up in the uterine tube when they don’t form a continuous structure?
Fibrulated ends of the fallopian tube sweep across the ovary and cilia adhere to the egg and move it to the tube
45
How long do oocytes have to be fertilized by sperm?
24 hours
46
Describe the different layers of the uterus
Parametrium is an incomplete serous membrane Myometrium is a thick, outer muscular layer that contract during childbirth Endometrium is a thin glandular layer that supports the growing fetus
47
What are the two layers of the endometrium? How do they receive blood?
Stratum functionalis - she’s during menstruation and receives blood supply through spiral arteries Stratum basalis - deeper layer, replaces the stratum functionalis at the end of menstruation. Receives blood through spiral and straight arteries
48
What happens during the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle?
Uterus sheds the stratum functionalis, this is menstruation
49
What happens during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?
New stratum functionalis is formed, area becomes heavily vascularized Stimulated by estrogens being secreted by developing ovarian follicles Ovulation occurs at the end of this phase
50
What happens during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?
Uterine arteries elongate and convert the stratum functionalis into secretory mucosa that can nourish an egg If the egg is not fertilized, menses will occur
51
What is menarche?
First uterine cycle that begins at puberty
52
What is menopause?
Termination of uterine cycles
53
What hormones spike causes ovulation?
Luteinizing hormone Follicle stimulating hormone
54
What does the corpus luteum do? How long will it secrete it’s hormone?
Secretes progesterone which is responsible for the development and maintenance of the endometrium Will secrete for one week
55
What are the hormones that cause the proliferative and secretory phase is of the uterine cycle?
Estrogen stimulates regeneration of the functional zone (proliferation) and rising progesterone starts the secretory phase
56
How does hormonal fluctuation affect body temperature?
During the follicular phase and ovulation body temperature decreases and rises again after ovulation
57
Where does sperm production begin?
Seminiferous tubules

A & P II (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions