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A & P II > Chapters 22 23 24 Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Chapters 22 23 24 Quiz Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What organs lining or lumen has the largest surface area?

A

Small intestine

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2
Q

Can the shape of the stomach change? Why/how?

A

Yes. Folds, or Rugae, allow for expansion

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3
Q

What are some functions of saliva?

A

Lubricating the mouth
Moistening food
Beginning chemical digestion

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4
Q

Where in the digestive system does the most absorption occur? What are the three parts?

A

Small intestine

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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5
Q

What would the activation of the sympathetic nervous system do to the digestive tract?

A

It would inhibit it

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6
Q

What is the two layered serous membrane that surrounds most of the digestive organs?

A

Peritoneum

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7
Q

Which fat soluble vitamins can be stored by the body?

A

K, A, D and E

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8
Q

What is the name of the movement that is caused by the muscularis externa to move food through the digestive tract by sequential contractions?

A

Peristalsis

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9
Q

What does the large intestine absorb besides water?

A

Vitamins, electrolytes

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular

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11
Q

What are the primary functions of the stomach?

A

Secretion, propulsion and digestion (chemical and mechanical)

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12
Q

In what way are the small intestine and large intestine similar?

A

Both are sites of absorption

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13
Q

What type of absorption is the large intestine mostly concerned with?

A

Reclaiming water

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14
Q

What is the function of gastrin?

A

Stimulates stomach muscles to mix the food

Stimulates acid secretion (H+)

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15
Q

What organ is glucose spared for during the postabsorptive state when the liver uses triglycerides for energy?

A

The brain

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16
Q

What is the process called when our bodies break down food from complex molecules to simpler molecules to release energy?

A

Catabolism

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17
Q

Over reliance on triglycerides for energy can leave the body flooded in metabolite the liver cannot recycle which can lead to a condition known as:

A

Ketoacidosis

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18
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

A

Mitochondria

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19
Q

Can you overdose on vitamin C? Why or why not?

A

You cannot overdose on it because the body does not store it

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20
Q

What process yields 2 pyruvates, 2 ATP and occurs in the cytoplasm?

A

Glycolysis

21
Q

What are the two main parts of the nephron?

A

The renal corpuscle and the renal tubule

22
Q

Where is urine moved to for storage after it leaves the kidneys?

A

Bladder

23
Q

About what percentage of cardiac output is sent to the kidneys?

A

25%

24
Q

What is a normal pH for urine?

A

Slightly acidic at 6.0 pH

25
Q

What does the presence of rugae in the lining of the bladder suggest that it can do?

A

Expand

26
Q

What are some functions of the urinary system?

A

Adjusts blood pH
Conserves water loss
Adjust blood volume

27
Q

How many sphincters are in the urinary system? Voluntary or involuntary

A

Two sphincters one is voluntary

28
Q

What does the afferent arterial become as it leaves the glomerulus?

A

The peritubular capillaries

29
Q

Which nervous system primarily controls regulation of blood flow to the kidneys?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

30
Q

What do the filtration slits in the glomerulus allow the passage of?

A

Fluid and small solutes

31
Q

What is fluid removed from the blood in the glomerular corpuscles called?

A

Filtrate

32
Q

What process happens in the renal tubule and returns desirable substances like glucose back into the blood?

A

Reabsorption

33
Q

Is the urethra longer in men or women?

A

Men

34
Q

Compared to blood which element is in highest concentration in the urine?

A

Nitrogen

35
Q

What do the long loops of Henle in the juxtamedullary nephrons promote as they extend deep into the renal medulla where peritubular fluid has high osmotic concentration?

A

Promote water recovery and concentrated urine

36
Q

Which organ has the task of storing and concentrating bile?

A

Gallbladder

37
Q

Where in the digestive system are plicae circulares, microvilli and villi found?

A

Small intestine

38
Q

What are some of the functions of the liver?

A

Make blood plasma proteins
Regulate the composition of nutrients in our blood
Produce bile

39
Q

What is the name for the soupy mixture that travels through the pyloric sphincter? Where does it enter from there?

A

Chyme moves into the duodenum

40
Q

What does cholecystokinin (CCK) do?

A

Triggers the secretion of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions from the pancreas

41
Q

Is swallowing a voluntary or involuntary process?

A

Both voluntary and involuntary

42
Q

What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate energy and skeletal muscles and liver?

A

Glycogen

43
Q

What is the amount of energy called that is needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1°C?

A

Calorie

44
Q

Where are the membrane proteins that are reduced by NADH and FADH2‘s electrons found?

A

In the inner mitochondrial membrane

45
Q

If the last meal you eat was six hours ago, what is the liver doing?

A

Releasing glucose from its glycogen stores

46
Q

What does the electron transport system create that is used to make ATP? How is this done?

A

Creates glucose by oxidizing and reducing a chain of membrane proteins

47
Q

What percentage of water do the kidneys recover? How much blood do they filter per day?

A

99% of water

180 liters of blood

48
Q

What are some things that will affect glomerular filtration rate?

A

Release of angiotensin
Constriction of efferent arterioles
Dilation of afferent arterioles

49
Q

What is the force that drives filtration?

A

Hydrostatic pressure

A & P II (15 decks)

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