Chapter 3

Question 1

CC Functional Groups

Answer 1

Hydroxyl (OH)
Carbonyl (C=O)
Carboxylic Acid (COOH)
Amino (NH2)
Sulfhydryl (SH)
Phosphate (H2PO4)
Methyl (CH3)

Hydroxyl -> Phosphate (Polar/Hydrophilic)
Methyl -> Nonpolar/Hydrophobic

Acidic: COOH, SH, H2PO4
Basic: NH2

Question 2

CC Dehydration Reaction

Answer 2

Polymer: Similar monomers linked up together

Dehydration: 2 monomers linked up together = lose water
Hydrolysis: 2 monomers break apart = gain water

Question 3

CC Biological Molecules

Answer 3

Carbohydrate
Mnomer: Sugar (Monosaccharide)
Function: Fuel/structural
Bonds: X
Types: Glucose (linear/forms a ring), Disaccharide (2 monomers linked up/by glycosidic linkage), and Polysaccharide (multiple monomers)

Protein
monomer: Amino Acids
Function: IDK
Bonds: Peptide bonds

Nucleic Acid
Monomer: Nucleotides
Function: transmits heredity
Bonds: Phosphodiester bond
Types: DNA/RNA

Lipids
Monomer: Not a polymer
Function: Energy storage
Bonds: X
Types: Cholesterol/Triacylglycerol/glycerol

Fatty Acid/Glycerol: 3 C OH/Unbranched Hydrocarbon
Phospholipid: Glycerol + 2 fatty acid + Phosphate Group
(Amphipathic)

Question 4

SEQ Levels of Protein Synthesis

Answer 4

1. Primary Structure: a sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain
2. Secondary Structure: Within a single Polypeptide Chain, hydrogen bonds stick with amino acids together (No R group interaction)
   Causes structural change
   A-helix/B-pleated sheet
3. Tertiary Structure: Within a single polypeptide chain, the r group interacts
   It folds into a 3d shape
   Protein Functionality
4. Quaternary Structure: multiple polypeptide chains forms a macromolecule (no more folding)