Chapter 4

Question 1

CC Requirements of Life

Answer 1

1. No O2 = oxidizes = bond break
2. Presence of chemical building block
   H2O, Inorganic molecules, and CHON
3. Source of Energy
4. A lot of time

Question 2

SEQ Abiogenesis

Answer 2

1. Abiotic Synthesis
2. Synthesis of monomers
   Polymers from monomers
   Monomers polymerize on hot sand or rock
   Negative ions bind monomers
3. Formation of Protocells
   Lipids Spontaneously form vesicles (Fluid filled compartments)
   Organic polymers exhibit attributes of living cells (Osmosis, Homeostasis, and Divide)
   No Mechanism of heredity
4. Self Replication
   RNA (Nucleic acid from protocells)
   (Able to self replicate and Catalyze protein synthesis: Ribosomes)

Question 3

SEQ Timeline of Early Life

Answer 3

Early Life

1st Prokaryotes
3.5bya
Anaerobic/Fermentation
All Heterotrophic bacteria

Autotrophs appeared (Cyanobacteria)
Used sunlight for energy
(first released S, 2nd released O2 by splitting water, and All High ATP)

Oxygen Apocalypse
2.5bya
Oxygenic Photosynthesis = rose atm O2 = killed off most organisms

Aerobes Empire
Aerobic bacteria dealt with O2 by aerobic respiration
Domain: Archaea (Rose from A-Bacteria)

Question 4

SEQ Timeline of Early Life

Answer 4

Origins of Eukaryotes

1.8bya
Cells with membrane-bound with nucleus and organelles
Symbiont Theory: Mito/Chloro used to be bacteria
Domain: Eukarya