Chapter 3

Question 1

Membranes

Answer 1

Tissues that line a cavity
-also separate the cellular interior from the extracellular environment

Question 2

Function of the Cell membrane

Answer 2

Physical barrier
Gateway for exchange
Communication
Cell structure

Question 3

Physical barrier

Answer 3

Separates intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid

Question 4

Gateway for exchange

Answer 4

Regulates exchange between intracellular compartments and interstitial fluid

Question 5

Communication

Answer 5

Signals surrounding cells and senses extracellular environment

Question 6

Cell structure

Answer 6

Anchor cytoskeleton, form tissues

Question 7

Phospholipid molecule mechanism

Answer 7

-Head is hydrophilic due to being polar
-Tail is hydrophobic due to being non polar
-Forms a lipid bilayer
-Molecules are able to freely move around due to not having any bonding but rather connected by not wanting the tail to touch water

Question 8

Types of Membrane Proteins

Answer 8

Integral
Transmembrane
Peripheral

Question 9

Integral

Answer 9

-Apart of the membrane
-Imbedded in the membrane

Question 10

Transmembrane

Answer 10

-Can be integral
-Goes all the way through the membrane

Question 11

Peripheral

Answer 11

Associated with the membrane but not physically apart of it or embedded in it

Question 12

Cytosol

Answer 12

the semi-liquid portion of the cytoplasm not occupied by organelles

Question 13

Cytoplasm

Answer 13

The interior of a cell other than the nucleus

Question 14

Nucleus

Answer 14

Internal organelle that contains our DNA

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

A double-membrane organelle that produces the ATP through oxidative phosphorylation

Question 16

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

Flat series of membrane layers that specializes in secretion of substances

Question 17

Rough (granular) ER

Answer 17

Has ribosomes on the surface for protein synthesis, molecules enter ER and are packed for secretion from the cell

Question 18

Smooth (agranular) ER

Answer 18

No ribosomes, used for sorting of molecules, specializes in lipid syntheses
-Ca2+ storage

Question 19

Golgi Complex

Answer 19

Process raw material transported from ER into finished products; sorts and directs the finished product to their final destination

Question 20

Lysosomes

Answer 20

Contains enzymes that breakdown foreign invader, other organelles, proteins, CHO, some fats
-Serves cell for digestion and secretion

Question 21

Ribosomes

Answer 21

-Granules of RNA and proteins
-Translated mRNA into proteins

Question 22

Cytoskeleton

Answer 22

Cytoplasmic protein fibers compose the cytoskeleton
-assists eukaryotic cells in their overall shape

Question 23

Microfilaments

Answer 23

-actin & myosin
-mechanical stiffener for microvilli, important in contractile systems
-form a network just inside the cell membrane

Question 24

Intermediate filaments

Answer 24

-myosin, keratin
-Structural support in cells subject to mechanical stress

Question 25

Microtubules

Answer 25

-tubulin -maintains cell shape, coordinates complex cellular movements and transport

Question 26

What does microtubules form

Answer 26

Centrioles, Cilia, Flagella

Question 27

Microvilli

Answer 27

-pultrusion's of the cell membrane -increase cell surface -supported by micro filament

Question 28

Tight Junction

Answer 28

-prevents passage between cells -lock cells together and pulls together -no passage can happen between the cell

Question 29

Adhering Junction

Answer 29

-Strong connection between cells subject to high mechanical stress

Question 30

How does Adhering junction work

Answer 30

-Extend protein out and link together -Don't have to be pulled together completely -About strength and just keeping cells together

Question 31

Gap junctions

Answer 31

-Special junction containing connections that serve as conduits between cytoplasm of adjoining cells allowing the passage of small molecules

Question 32

How does gap junctions work

Answer 32

-Goes through cell membrane 1 and cell membrane 2 and now a little tiny gap that substances can pass from cytoplasm of 1 to the cytoplasm of 2 like small molecules or ions -Found only in muscle

Question 33

Can cells have multiple specialized cellular junctions

Answer 33

Cells can have 2,3 cellular junctions at a time