Chapter 6 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Are long distance messengers only long distance
No, they can be short distance too
-Ex: hormone travels right next to the place it was produced
What is the potential problem with lipophilic messengers
Lipophilic messenger is hydrophobic
-will not travel well
How does a lipophilic messenger get thru the blood
Needs a transport protein
Why is the binding protein able to move around in water but also bind to lipid
It is amphipathic
What messengers get to the nucleus
Lipophilic messengers
How do lipophilic messengers affect the nucleus
-Manipulate transcription
-changing gene activity
-expressing the DNA in a different way
-Maybe more, maybe less
-Change is generally slower, takes more time
What is the issue with a lipophobic messenger
Get to target cell but the membrane becomes a barrier
How does the liophobic messenger get a signal across the membrane
-Can enter through transport or bind to a surface receptor
-Will bind to a receptor non-covalently staying on the outside of the cell
What occurs once the lipophobic messenger binds to receptor
-Change in bond energy, causing protein to flex, signal being carried thru to the inside of the cell
-Usually causes a rapid cellular response
Signal Transduction
The message is conveyed from outside of the cell to a new signal inside of the cell which then created a cellular response
Transducers
Convert extracellular signals into intracellular messages which create a response
What are benefits of signal transduction
-Signal amplification
-Multi-tasking (Able to effect multiple things)
Lipophobic messengers act on what types of membrane receptors
-Ligand-gated receptor channels
-Receptor Enzymes
-GTP-binding proteins
-Intergrin receptors
Ligans-gated receptor channels
Receptor proteins that act as an ion channel
Receptor Enzymes
Receptor acts as enzyme and messenger binding initiates enzymatic activity resulting in cellular response
GTP-binding proteins
Messenger activate a G-protein which opens an ion channel or activates an enzyme
Integrin Receptors
Messenger binding causes a change in the cytoskeleton
What is another name for lipophobic messenger
Hydrophilic
