Chapter 6 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Gap junction
Direct cytoplasmic transfer between adjacent cells
-heart
What do gap junctions transfer
Chemical and electrical signals
Contact-dependent signals
Surface to surface contact between membranes
How does Contact-dependent signals work
Proteins of the cells reach out and touch each other
CAMs
-Cell adhesion molecules
-Transfer signals in both directions
-used in contact-dependent signals
What type of connection are Gap junction and Contact-dependent signals
Adjacent, Local Communication
Cells release messenger to the the extracellular fluid
types of communication
1) Long distance communication
2) Local Comunication
Long Distance communication
Hormones, neurohormones and neurotransmitters
Local communication
Paracrine and autocrine
Cellular Messenger
Hormones
Nerotransmitter
Neurohormone
Paracrine
Autocrine
Hormoes
releases from tissue and travels to target cell through blood
Neurotransmitter
released from neurons to adjacent effectors
Neurohormone
released from neuron and travels to target cell through blood
Paracrine
released into interstitial fluid and affects neighboring target cell
Autocrine
released into interstitial fluid and affects the cell that released it
Why are neurotransmitters considered long distance
Neurons can be feet in length
How else does communication between cells occur
Communication between cells also accomplished by signal molecules (intercellular chemical messenger) and receptors
What is a receptor
Protein associated with the membrane or cellular interior which will bind a chemical messenger and exert an effect
Beta2-Adrenergic Receptor
-Binds Epinephrin
-Binds to the amino acid loops, non-covalently
-As it binds created bond energy to flex, also flex other part
-Effect on the outside causes an effect on the inside
Signal transduction
Causing the signal on the outside to get conveyed to the inside of the cell
Receptor and Messenger matching needs
-Highly Specific
-High Affinity for specific messenger
-Can be saturated or blocked
-Undergo down-regulation
-Undergo up-reuglation
Undergo down regulation
Decrease in receptor number in response to chronic elevated levels of messenger
Undergo up-regulation
Increase in receptor number in response to chronic low levels of messenger
General Layout
-Signal Molecule
bind to
-Receptor Protein
activates
-Intracellular Signal Molecules
alter
-Target Protein
creates
-Response
