Chapter 3

Question 1

What civilization influenced Roman architecture, religion, and urban planning?

Answer 1

The Etruscans

The Etruscans were a pre-Roman civilization in Italy.

Question 2

Who are the mythical twin brothers that founded Rome according to legend?

Answer 2

Romulus and Remus

Question 3

What was the political system in Rome from 509–27 BCE?

Answer 3

The Roman Republic

Question 4

What governing body in the Roman Republic was composed of aristocrats?

Answer 4

The Senate

Question 5

Who were the Roman aristocratic class that held most political and economic power?

Answer 5

Patricians

Question 6

Who were the common people of Rome that fought for political representation?

Answer 6

Plebeians

Question 7

What were the earliest written Roman laws called?

Answer 7

The Twelve Tables

Question 8

What were the two chief magistrates in the Roman Republic called?

Answer 8

Consuls

Question 9

What series of wars occurred between Rome and Carthage from 264–146 BCE?

Answer 9

Punic Wars

Question 10

Who was the Carthaginian general that led an invasion of Italy during the Second Punic War?

Answer 10

Hannibal

Question 11

What phrase is associated with Cato the Elder regarding Carthage?

Answer 11

‘Carthago delenda est’ (Carthage must be destroyed)

Question 12

Who was the Roman general and dictator assassinated in 44 BCE?

Answer 12

Julius Caesar

Question 13

What significant event did Julius Caesar’s crossing of the Rubicon in 49 BCE signal?

Answer 13

Civil war in Rome

Question 14

Who was the first Roman emperor, ruling from 27 BCE to 14 CE?

Answer 14

Augustus (Octavian)

Question 15

What period of peace and stability in the Roman Empire lasted from 27 BCE to 180 CE?

Answer 15

Pax Romana

Question 16

What was the political, economic, and religious center of ancient Rome called?

Answer 16

Roman Forum

Question 17

What was the massive Roman amphitheater used for gladiatorial contests?

Answer 17

The Colosseum

Question 18

What term refers to armed combatants who fought in public arenas for entertainment?

Answer 18

Gladiators

Question 19

What engineering marvels transported water to Roman cities?

Answer 19

Aqueducts

Question 20

What extensive networks facilitated trade, communication, and military movement across the empire?

Answer 20

Roman Roads

Question 21

What epic poem celebrates Rome’s origins and its destiny?

Answer 21

Virgil’s Aeneid

Question 22

Who was the Roman poet known for lyrical odes and satires emphasizing moderation?

Answer 22

Horace

Question 23

What is the name of Ovid’s collection of mythological tales focusing on transformation?

Answer 23

Ovid’s Metamorphoses

Question 24

What philosophy emphasized virtue, reason, and self-control in Rome?

Answer 24

Stoicism

Question 25

Who was the Roman orator and philosopher that promoted republican ideals?

Answer 25

Cicero

Question 26

What public complexes served as social and cultural hubs in Roman cities?

Answer 26

Roman Baths

Question 27

What Roman city was buried in volcanic ash after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE?

Answer 27

Pompeii

Question 28

Who was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity?

Answer 28

Constantine the Great

Question 29

What decree issued by Constantine in 313 CE legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire?

Answer 29

Edict of Milan

Question 30

What foundational statement of Christian beliefs was established at the Council of Nicaea in 325 CE?

Answer 30

The Nicene Creed

Question 31

What event marks the decline and eventual collapse of the Western Roman Empire?

Answer 31

The Fall of Rome

Question 32

What term refers to the eastern continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople?

Answer 32

Byzantine Empire

Question 33

What Roman temple is dedicated to all gods and features a massive dome?

Answer 33

The Pantheon

Question 34

What intricate artworks, often decorating floors and walls, are made from small pieces of colored stone?

Answer 34

Roman Mosaics

Question 35

Fill in the blank: The Republic was governed by ________, while the Empire was ruled by an emperor.

Answer 35

elected officials

Question 36

What large Roman stadium was used for chariot racing?

Answer 36

The Circus Maximus

Question 37

What defensive fortification marked the northern boundary of Roman-controlled territory in Britain?

Answer 37

Hadrian's Wall

Question 38

What system of rule, introduced by Emperor Diocletian, divided the empire into four regions?

Answer 38

The Tetrarchy

Question 39

What language served as the official language of Rome?

Answer 39

The Latin Language

Question 40

Who was a prominent Roman physician and surgeon whose theories influenced European medicine?

Answer 40

Galen

Question 41

What is one of the oldest and most important Roman roads connecting Rome to southern Italy?

Answer 41

The Appian Way

Question 42

What ceremonial procession was granted to victorious generals in ancient Rome?

Answer 42

Roman Triumph

Question 43

What legal status granted rights and protections under Roman law?

Answer 43

Roman Citizenship

Question 44

What is the meeting place of the Roman Senate called?

Answer 44

The Senate House (Curia)

Question 45

True or False: Roman law, government, engineering, and language did not influence Western civilization after the empire's fall.

Answer 45

False