Chapter 7

Question 1

What is the Renaissance?

Answer 1

A cultural rebirth (14th-17th century) based on the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature, and art.

Question 2

Define Humanism.

Answer 2

An intellectual movement emphasizing human potential, classical learning, and secularism.

Question 3

Who is known as the ‘Father of Humanism’?

Answer 3

Francesco Petrarch

Question 4

What is Civic Humanism?

Answer 4

A branch of humanism that emphasized active participation in public affairs.

Question 5

What role did the Medici Family play during the Renaissance?

Answer 5

A powerful Florentine banking dynasty that patronized Renaissance artists and scholars.

Question 6

Who was Lorenzo de’ Medici?

Answer 6

A ruler of Florence known for his patronage of the arts and promotion of humanism.

Question 7

What architectural feat is Filippo Brunelleschi known for?

Answer 7

Designed the dome of Florence Cathedral using classical engineering principles.

Question 8

Who wrote On Painting and defined principles of perspective?

Answer 8

Leon Battista Alberti

Question 9

Which early Renaissance painter is known for using linear perspective?

Answer 9

Masaccio

Question 10

What is Donatello famous for?

Answer 10

Creating the first freestanding nude statue since antiquity, David.

Question 11

Name a painting by Sandro Botticelli.

Answer 11

The Birth of Venus and Primavera

Question 12

What are some notable works of Leonardo da Vinci?

Answer 12

The Last Supper, Mona Lisa, and scientific discoveries.

Question 13

What does the Vitruvian Man illustrate?

Answer 13

Ideal human proportions based on Roman architect Vitruvius.

Question 14

Who is Michelangelo Buonarroti?

Answer 14

A sculptor, painter, and architect famous for David, the Sistine Chapel ceiling, and The Last Judgment.

Question 15

What is Raphael known for?

Answer 15

A High Renaissance painter known for The School of Athens, which depicts classical philosophers.

Question 16

What characterizes the High Renaissance?

Answer 16

A period (c. 1490-1527) of peak artistic achievement in Italy, marked by works of Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael.

Question 17

Who wrote Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects?

Answer 17

Giorgio Vasari

Question 18

What did the invention of the Printing Press revolutionize?

Answer 18

Knowledge dissemination and literacy.

Question 19

Who was Erasmus?

Answer 19

A Dutch humanist who wrote In Praise of Folly, criticizing Church corruption and promoting reform.

Question 20

What is The Prince about?

Answer 20

Machiavelli’s treatise on power and political strategy, often summarized as ‘the ends justify the means’.

Question 21

Who authored The Book of the Courtier?

Answer 21

Baldassare Castiglione

Question 22

What distinguishes the Venetian Renaissance?

Answer 22

A distinct style in Venice that emphasized color, light, and atmosphere.

Question 23

Who is Titian?

Answer 23

A Venetian painter known for vibrant color and sensual figures in works like Venus of Urbino.

Question 24

What is chiaroscuro?

Answer 24

A technique using strong contrasts of light and dark to create depth.

Question 25

What is sfumato?

Answer 25

A painting technique that creates soft transitions between colors and tones.

Question 26

What initiated the Protestant Reformation?

Answer 26

A religious movement started by Martin Luther in 1517, challenging Catholic practices and doctrine.

Question 27

What are indulgences?

Answer 27

A Church practice of selling remission of sins, heavily criticized by reformers.

Question 28

What was the Council of Trent?

Answer 28

A Catholic response to the Reformation that reaffirmed doctrines and reformed abuses.

Question 29

What characterizes Mannerism?

Answer 29

A late Renaissance artistic style characterized by exaggerated poses, complex compositions, and artificiality.

Question 30

Who is El Greco?

Answer 30

A Spanish Renaissance painter known for his dramatic and elongated figures.

Question 31

What was the impact of the Sack of Rome (1527)?

Answer 31

Marked the end of the High Renaissance and weakened the Papacy.

Question 32

Who were the Jesuits?

Answer 32

A Catholic religious order founded to counter Protestantism and promote education and missionary work.

Question 33

What is the Inquisition?

Answer 33

A Church institution that sought to combat heresy through trials and punishments.

Question 34

What does Michelangelo’s *Last Judgment* depict?

Answer 34

The final judgment of souls.

Question 35

What was the Venetian Republic?

Answer 35

A powerful maritime state that flourished through trade and cultural exchange during the Renaissance.

Question 36

What was the role of the Renaissance Papacy?

Answer 36

A period when popes were major patrons of the arts, commissioning works from Michelangelo and Raphael.

Question 37

What is a Petrarchan Sonnet?

Answer 37

A 14-line poetic form popularized during the Renaissance.

Question 38

What transition does the Renaissance emphasize?

Answer 38

The transition to Baroque, where balance and naturalism gave way to drama and emotion.

Question 39

What is Perspective in Renaissance Art?

Answer 39

A technique that created the illusion of depth.

Question 40

What is the Northern Renaissance?

Answer 40

A Renaissance movement outside Italy that focused more on detailed realism and religious themes.

Question 41

Who is Albrecht Dürer?

Answer 41

A German Renaissance artist known for engravings like *Knight, Death, and the Devil*.

Question 42

Who is Hans Holbein the Younger?

Answer 42

A Northern Renaissance portraitist known for *The Ambassadors*.

Question 43

What is Hieronymus Bosch known for?

Answer 43

Famous for surreal and symbolic works like *The Garden of Earthly Delights*.

Question 44

What legacy did the Renaissance leave?

Answer 44

The emphasis on humanism, individualism, and secularism influenced modern Western thought and culture.