Chapter 5

Question 1

What year did the Fall of Rome occur?

Answer 1

476 CE

Question 2

What was the Byzantine Empire?

Answer 2

Continuation of the Roman Empire in the East, centered in Constantinople, lasting until 1453 CE

Question 3

Who was Justinian I?

Answer 3

Byzantine emperor who codified Roman law (Justinian’s Code) and built the Hagia Sophia

Question 4

What is the Hagia Sophia known for?

Answer 4

A grand church in Constantinople, later a mosque, known for its massive dome and mosaics

Question 5

What was the Iconoclasm Controversy?

Answer 5

A Byzantine dispute over the use of religious images (icons), leading to their destruction in some periods

Question 6

Who was Charlemagne?

Answer 6

King of the Franks who expanded his empire, promoted education, and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 CE

Question 7

What is the Carolingian Renaissance?

Answer 7

A revival of learning and culture under Charlemagne, influenced by classical Roman and Christian traditions

Question 8

Define Feudalism.

Answer 8

A medieval social and political system based on land ownership, loyalty, and military service

Question 9

What are lords and vassals in the feudal system?

Answer 9

Lords granted land (fiefs) to vassals in exchange for military service

Question 10

What is a fief?

Answer 10

A piece of land granted by a lord to a vassal in the feudal system

Question 11

Who were serfs?

Answer 11

Peasants tied to the land under feudalism, working for a lord in exchange for protection

Question 12

What is the Manor System?

Answer 12

The economic structure of feudal society, where lords owned estates worked by peasants and serfs

Question 13

Define Chivalry.

Answer 13

The code of conduct for medieval knights, emphasizing bravery, honor, and protection of the weak

Question 14

What is The Song of Roland?

Answer 14

An epic poem celebrating chivalry and loyalty among Charlemagne’s knights

Question 15

Who were the Vikings?

Answer 15

Norse seafarers who raided and traded across Europe, influencing medieval culture

Question 16

What was the Norman Conquest?

Answer 16

The invasion of England by William the Conqueror, leading to the establishment of Norman rule in 1066

Question 17

Who was William the Conqueror?

Answer 17

Duke of Normandy who became King of England after winning the Battle of Hastings in 1066

Question 18

What is the Domesday Book?

Answer 18

A detailed survey of England’s land and property, commissioned by William the Conqueror

Question 19

Define Monasticism.

Answer 19

A religious lifestyle in which individuals withdraw from society to dedicate themselves to prayer and service

Question 20

What is the Benedictine Rule?

Answer 20

Guidelines for monastic life established by St. Benedict, emphasizing discipline, prayer, and work

Question 21

What are Illuminated Manuscripts?

Answer 21

Handwritten books decorated with elaborate designs, produced by medieval monks

Question 22

Who was Hildegard of Bingen?

Answer 22

A medieval abbess, composer, and visionary known for her contributions to music, medicine, and theology

Question 23

What is a pilgrimage?

Answer 23

A religious journey to a sacred site, such as Canterbury, Santiago de Compostela, or Jerusalem

Question 24

Define Romanesque Architecture.

Answer 24

A medieval architectural style characterized by thick walls, rounded arches, and small windows

Question 25

What is The Bayeux Tapestry?

Answer 25

A medieval embroidery depicting the Norman conquest of England in 1066

Question 26

What were the Crusades?

Answer 26

A series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land

Question 27

What was the First Crusade?

Answer 27

A successful military campaign that led to the capture of Jerusalem by Christian forces (1096-1099)

Question 28

Who was Saladin?

Answer 28

A Muslim leader who recaptured Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187

Question 29

What were the Knights Templar?

Answer 29

A military-religious order founded during the Crusades to protect Christian pilgrims

Question 30

Who were troubadours?

Answer 30

Medieval poet-musicians who sang about chivalry and courtly love

Question 31

Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine?

Answer 31

A powerful medieval queen who promoted the ideals of courtly love and supported the arts

Question 32

What are the Trivium and Quadrivium?

Answer 32

The two branches of medieval education; trivium included grammar, logic, and rhetoric; quadrivium covered arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy

Question 33

Define Scholasticism.

Answer 33

A medieval intellectual movement that sought to reconcile faith and reason, associated with Thomas Aquinas

Question 34

What was the Investiture Controversy?

Answer 34

A conflict between the Pope and Holy Roman Emperors over the appointment of bishops

Question 35

What was the Great Schism of 1054?

Answer 35

The division between the Roman Catholic Church (West) and the Eastern Orthodox Church (East)

Question 36

What is Canon Law?

Answer 36

The body of laws governing the Catholic Church

Question 37

What are relics?

Answer 37

Sacred objects associated with saints, often housed in elaborate reliquaries

Question 38

What was The Inquisition?

Answer 38

A Church institution that sought to combat heresy through investigation and punishment

Question 39

Define Mysticism.

Answer 39

A religious movement emphasizing personal experiences of God, often through visions or ecstasies

Question 40

What does the transition to Gothic architecture reflect?

Answer 40

Changing religious and cultural ideals

Question 41

What is Papal Supremacy?

Answer 41

The doctrine that the Pope has ultimate authority over the Church and secular rulers

Question 42

What is the Franciscan Order?

Answer 42

A religious order founded by St. Francis of Assisi, emphasizing poverty and service to the poor

Question 43

What is the Dominican Order?

Answer 43

A religious order founded by St. Dominic, focusing on preaching and combating heresy

Question 44

What are The Canterbury Tales?

Answer 44

A collection of stories by Geoffrey Chaucer, offering insight into medieval life and society

Question 45

What was the Magna Carta?

Answer 45

A charter limiting the power of the English king and establishing legal rights for nobles (1215)

Question 46

What was the Black Death?

Answer 46

A devastating plague that killed a third of Europe’s population and changed social structures (1347-1351)

Question 47

What institutions shaped medieval Europe?

Answer 47

Feudalism, monasticism, and Church authority shaped medieval Europe but gradually gave way to Renaissance humanism