Chapter 3 Flashcards
Active Transport
The movement of molecules across the cell membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration with expenditure of cellular energy.
This requires a membrane proteins often referred to as a pump protein.
Cell Membrane
The border between the inside and the outside of a cell.
Composed of phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol.
Described as a fluid mosaic.
The major function is in the trafficking of molecules into and out of the cell.
Cell Wall
A rigid structure composed of carbohydrates that surrounds and protects cells.
Plants have cell walls of cellulose and fungi have cell walls of chitin.
Cellulose
A rigid polysaccharide that is the main component of plant cell walls.
Central Vacuole
A large water storage organelle exclusive to plant cells.
Centrioles
Rigid organelles associated with the nucleus.
Play an essential role in the organization of microtubles during cell division.
Chitin
A rigid polysaccharide that is the main component of fungi cell walls.
Chloroplasts
An organelle exclusive to plants that is the site of photosynthesis.
Its name is derived from the photosynthetic pigment it contains, chlorophyll.
Cilia
Small hair like projections found on some cells that are involved in motility.
Cilia are similar to flagella, but they are shorter and more numerous.
Cytoplasm
The liquid filling of a cell that surrounds the organelles.
Composed mainly of water and dissolved molecules.
It is a common characteristic of all cells.
Cytoskeleton
An internal network of protein filaments that provides internal support for eukaryotic cells.
The skeleton of the cell.
Endocytosis
The process by which cells ingest large or bulk materials.
Eukaryotic
The term used to describe cells that have a true nucleus.
The cell type found in the Domain Eukarya which contains plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
Exocytosis
The process of cells releasing large or bulk items.
Facilitated Diffusion
The passive movement of large or polar molecules across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a membrane protein.
The membrane proteins are often referred to as chanel or carrier proteins.
Fimbriae
Rigid structures exclusive to the surface of prokaryotic cells used for attachment.
Flagella
Long hair like projections found on some cells that are involved in motility.
Flagella are similar to cilia, but they are longer and fewer in number.
Fluid Mosaic Model
The description of the cell membrane as a loose surface of phospholipids with a changing surface of proteins and carbohydrates.
Glycocalyx
A sticky “sugar coating” found on the surface of some cells.
Golgi Complex
An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that packages and ships cellular products.
The source of lysosomes and peroxisomes.
Hypertonic
Higher solute concentration that the cell; causes cell to loose water through osmosis.
Hypotonic
Lower solute concentration that the cell; causes cell to gain water through osmosis.
Intermediate Filaments
A group of polypeptides of various types that make up the cytoskeleton
Lysosomes
Membrane-bounded vesicle that contains hydrolytic enzymes for digesting macromolecules
